Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134047799
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 17, Problem 21PDQ
One complication of making a transgenic animal is that the transgene may integrate at random into the coding region, or the regulatory region, of an endogenous gene. What might be the consequences of such random integrations? How might this complicate genetic analysis of the transgene?
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The ability to selectively modify the genome in the mouse has revolutionized mouse genetics. Outline the procedure for generating a knockout mouse at a specific genetic locus. How can the loxP-Cre system be used to conditionally knock out a gene? What is an important medical application of knockout mice?
One concern about using genetically-modified organisms is that many of the methods used to create them introduce into the genome DNA from a different species (i.e. foreign DNA). Which of the following methods has the lowest potential of introducing foreign DNA into the genome?A. A gene knockout in mouse using homologous recombination in ES cellsB. Introduction of a P element vector into the Drosophila germ-lineC. Deletion mutations introduced by CRISPR/Cas9D. Microinjection of a transgene into a mouse pronucleus
In contrast with the genomic manipulations of animals and plants described in this chapter, human genetherapy is directed specifically at altering the genomes of somatic cells rather than germ-line cells.Why couldn’t or wouldn’t medical scientists try to alter the genome of human germ-line cells?
Chapter 17 Solutions
Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
Ch. 17 -
CASE STUDY |Should we worry about recombinant DNA...Ch. 17 - Prob. 2CSCh. 17 - Prob. 3CSCh. 17 -
HOW DO WE KNOW?
1. In this chapter we focused on...Ch. 17 - Prob. 2PDQCh. 17 - What roles do restriction enzymes, vectors, and...Ch. 17 - Prob. 4PDQCh. 17 - Prob. 5PDQCh. 17 - Prob. 6PDQCh. 17 - Prob. 7PDQ
Ch. 17 - List the advantages and disadvantages of using...Ch. 17 - What are the advantages of using a restriction...Ch. 17 - The introduction of genes into plants is a common...Ch. 17 - Prob. 11PDQCh. 17 - Prob. 12PDQCh. 17 - Prob. 13PDQCh. 17 - What advantages do cDNA libraries provide over...Ch. 17 - Prob. 15PDQCh. 17 -
16. List the steps involved in screening a...Ch. 17 -
17. In a typical PCR reaction, describe what is...Ch. 17 -
18. We usually think of enzymes as being most...Ch. 17 - How are dideoxynucleotides (ddNTPs) structurally...Ch. 17 - Prob. 20PDQCh. 17 - One complication of making a transgenic animal is...Ch. 17 -
22. When disrupting a mouse gene by knockout, why...Ch. 17 - Prob. 23PDQ
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- There is a hypothetical gene related to the nervous system of Drosophila. Describe all the methods, steps, and key substances you need to obtain to use the following techniques in experimental design to study the gene: - In situ hybridization (to find the mRNA) - Immunohistochemistry (to find the protein) - CRISPR-Cas9 (for loss of function) - Expression vector (for gain of function)arrow_forwardWhat is homologous recombination and where/when does it typically take place in an organism. Homologous recombination is also used experimentally during gene targeting. If you wanted to remove the function of the mouse gene fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF4) using gene targeting by homologous recombination, what are the different aspects of a targeting vector you would need to make?arrow_forwardScientists carried out a microarray analysis to compare the gene expression of normal pancreatic cells to that of cancer cells from a person with pancreatic cancer. The scientists labeled the cDNA from the normal pancreatic cells with green fluorescent nucleotides. They labeled the cDNA from the cancer cells with red fluorescent nucleotides. The two cDNAs were mixed and allowed to hybridize to a microarray. Less p53 activity is found in cancer pancreatic cells than normal cells. What color would the spot for the p53 gene be on the microarray? Red Green Yellow Blackarrow_forward
- Let's say: a drosophila melanogaster line is bred in a lab, which has a phenotypic variation of interest resulting from the wingless gene (wg1) . Firstyly: how you would go about identifying SNP variants in this gene? and Secondly: what method could you use to eliminate the possibility that this phenotype results from other gene regulatory elements?arrow_forwardA couple with a child affected with DBA undergoes in vitro fertilization (IVF) and genetic testing of the resulting embryos to ensure that the embryos will not have DBA. However, they also want the embryos screened to ensure that the one implanted can serve as a suitable donor for their existing child. Their plan is to have stem cells from the umbilical cord of the new baby transplanted to their existing child with DBA, thereby curing the condition. What are the ethical pros and cons of this situation?arrow_forwardGeneticists often use the alkylating agent ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS; see Figure 15.6) to induce mutations in Drosophila. Why is EMS a mutagen of choice for genetic research? What would be the effects of EMS in a strain of Drosophila lacking functional mismatch repair systems?arrow_forward
- Bacteria can be used to produce human growth hormone (HGH - a peptide/protein) through genetic engineering. The human gene for HGH is inserted into a plasmid, which is then taken up by a bacterial cell, which divides and multiplies into a clone of cells, all of which contain the plasmid with the HGH gene. The bacteria express the HGH gene, producing HGH which can be harvested and used for treatment of humans. (See figure below) Which of the following statements is NOT true about this process? bacterium Vector, such as a DNA containing the gene of plasmid, isolated it from a different species is Gene encoding protein for pest resistance is inserted into plant cells ©2019 Pearson Education, Inc chromosome recombinant DNA (plasmid) transformed bacterium Create and harvest copies of a gene with either of two goals in mind. Gene encoding degradative enzyme to clean up toxdo waste is inserted into bacterial cells ved by an enzyme into gene of interest The desired gene is selected and…arrow_forwardWhat is the first step in quantifying the relative amounts of mRNA in different tissues? Would this method be useful in determining which immune system genes might be over-expressed in severe Covid cases? Why or why not? Could quantitative PCR, which uses a DNA-binding dye, to show how many copies of the target DNA sequence could be used to quantify the amount of mRNA in a cell? Would you expect that a metabolically active tissue such as the liver would show more cDNA copies in such a method, compared to less metabolically active tissues such as skin cells? One reason that the types and amounts of mRNAs are quantified in different tissue types is to compare which genes are activated and which are inactive. It used to be thought that any gene that was transcribed was automatically translated. The discovery of RNA-degrading systems shows that the real situation in cells is more complemented. Do you believe that a larger amount of mRNA of a given type, say for alpha hemoglobin in…arrow_forwardScientists carried out a microarray analysis to compare the gene expression of normal liver cells to that of cancer cells from a person with liver cancer. The scientists labeled the cDNA from the normal pancreatic cells with green fluorescent nucleotides. They labeled the cDNA from the cancer cells with red fluorescent nucleotides. The two cDNAs were mixed and allowed to hybridize to a microarray. Normal liver cells =Green Cancer cells =Red The DNA in that spot is the same in cancer cells and normal cells =Yellow Question: Gene alpha is turned on in all liver cells. In the cancer sample there is a nonsense mutation in this gene such that the protein terminates translation early but transcription is unaffected. What color is the alpha gene spot on the microarray? Answer: Yellow please explain why is the answer yellow?arrow_forward
- Not all inherited traits are determined by nuclear genes (i.e., genes located in the cell nucleus) that are expressed during the life of an individual. In particular, maternal effect genes and mitochondrial DNA are notable exceptions. With these ideas in mind, let’s consider the cloning of a sheep (e.g., Dolly). A. With regard to maternal effect genes, is the phenotype of such a cloned animal determined by the animal that donated the enucleatedegg or by the animal that donated the somatic cell nucleus? Explain.arrow_forwardAlthough several different mammalian species have been cloned, the efficiency of this process is extremely low. Often tens or even hundreds of oocytes must be implanted with donor nuclei to obtain one healthy live birth. Many researchers believe the difficulties with cloning reside in the epigenetic modifications, such as DNA and histone methylation, that occur within various cells during an individual’s life. How do you suspect such modifications might affect the success of an experimentarrow_forwardA gain-of-function mutation is one in which a gene is expressed at the wrong time or in the wrong type of cells. Which of the following mutations could result in a gain of function of one or more genes? Duplication Translocation Deletion Substitution All of these choices are correctarrow_forward
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