Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134047799
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 17, Problem 10PDQ
The introduction of genes into plants is a common practice that has generated not only a host of genetically modified foodstuffs, but also significant worldwide controversy. Interestingly, a tumor-inducing plasmid is often used to produce genetically modified plants. Is the use of a tumor-inducing plasmid the source of such controversy?
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Scientists modified the tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid, a naturally occurring plant plasmid found in Agrobacterium tumefaciens, to create a tool used to introduce any gene of interest into plant cells. They created a binary system because a single Ti plasmid is too large to be easily manipulated. One part of the system is a disarmed
plasmid, and the second part is a transformation vector. The following sentences describe the function of key DNA elements in the system.
Virulence
region
Genes for
conjugative transfer
Disarmed
Ti plasmid
(T-region removed)
ori
Kan selectable marker
plant selectable marker
constitutive promoter
T-region
conjugative transfer
virulence
Kan
(bacterial
selectable
marker)
Amp selectable marker
Plant selectable marker
(e.g., herbicide resistance)
Constitutive
promoter
T-DNA left
border
Place the terms in the appropriate blanks to complete the sentences. Not all terms will be used.
3' transcriptional terminator
MCS (inserted
gene of interest)
T-region
Transformation…
Genetically modified foods are products produced from organisms that have had changes
introduced into their DNA using the methods of genetic engineering. Golden rice, Flavr Savr
tomatoes and Roundup Ready soyabeans are products of this technology. Discuss the
advantages of these three genetically modified crops. Name ONE (1) strategy to produce
transformed plant cells.
Because cancer cells do not normally die, does this imply that if people attempted to extend their lives, it would most likely be through the employment of cancer cells? Could cancer be used as a vector to modify cells or shape it into what is desired?
Chapter 17 Solutions
Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
Ch. 17 -
CASE STUDY |Should we worry about recombinant DNA...Ch. 17 - Prob. 2CSCh. 17 - Prob. 3CSCh. 17 -
HOW DO WE KNOW?
1. In this chapter we focused on...Ch. 17 - Prob. 2PDQCh. 17 - What roles do restriction enzymes, vectors, and...Ch. 17 - Prob. 4PDQCh. 17 - Prob. 5PDQCh. 17 - Prob. 6PDQCh. 17 - Prob. 7PDQ
Ch. 17 - List the advantages and disadvantages of using...Ch. 17 - What are the advantages of using a restriction...Ch. 17 - The introduction of genes into plants is a common...Ch. 17 - Prob. 11PDQCh. 17 - Prob. 12PDQCh. 17 - Prob. 13PDQCh. 17 - What advantages do cDNA libraries provide over...Ch. 17 - Prob. 15PDQCh. 17 -
16. List the steps involved in screening a...Ch. 17 -
17. In a typical PCR reaction, describe what is...Ch. 17 -
18. We usually think of enzymes as being most...Ch. 17 - How are dideoxynucleotides (ddNTPs) structurally...Ch. 17 - Prob. 20PDQCh. 17 - One complication of making a transgenic animal is...Ch. 17 -
22. When disrupting a mouse gene by knockout, why...Ch. 17 - Prob. 23PDQ
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- Cloning Genes Is a Multistep Process In cloning human DNA, why is it necessary to insert the DNA into a vector such as a bacterial plasmid?arrow_forwardIn Biotechnology, gene cloning is a very important technique. A vector is normally required to perform this process. The vector commonly used to transform a bacterial host cell is the plasmid. (i) State the THREE (3) important regions of the plasmid. Elaborate your answer. (ii) Besides plasmids, name TWO (2) other commonly used vectors in Biotechnology.arrow_forwardBacteria can be used to produce human growth hormone (HGH - a peptide/protein) through genetic engineering. The human gene for HGH is inserted into a plasmid, which is then taken up by a bacterial cell, which divides and multiplies into a clone of cells, all of which contain the plasmid with the HGH gene. The bacteria express the HGH gene, producing HGH which can be harvested and used for treatment of humans. (See figure below) Which of the following statements is NOT true about this process? bacterium Vector, such as a DNA containing the gene of plasmid, isolated it from a different species is Gene encoding protein for pest resistance is inserted into plant cells ©2019 Pearson Education, Inc chromosome recombinant DNA (plasmid) transformed bacterium Create and harvest copies of a gene with either of two goals in mind. Gene encoding degradative enzyme to clean up toxdo waste is inserted into bacterial cells ved by an enzyme into gene of interest The desired gene is selected and…arrow_forward
- In Biotechnology, gene cloning is a very important technique. A vector is normally required to perform this process. The vector commonly used to transform a bacterial host cell is the plasmid. (i) State the THREE (3) important regions of the plasmid. Elaborate your answer.arrow_forwardYou discovered a new gene and cloned it into a plasmid vector. You have reason to suspect this gene is a proto oncogene. Explain how you can test your hypothesis to experimentally determine if the new gene is a proto oncogene. Be specific about the types of biological array/blot or other machinery or technoques used.arrow_forwardCloning vectors are not just limited to bacterial plasmids. Bacteriophages and M13 phage vectors are also commonly utilized in the cloning process. State any five (5) key criteria to be an effective cloning vector.arrow_forward
- Some initial studies looking at the carcinogenicity of tobacco products took extracts from those products and carried out various mutational assays on them. They rarely found any evidence that tobacco could cause cancer. Why would these experiments provide false negatives?arrow_forwardThe Molecular Cell Biology Unit of University X is working on a particular gene segment called ABC20. For a specific kind of experiment, they need to quantify the gene and require a lot of copies of the gene. The initial gel run showed a very faint band of the gene which made the quantification process difficult to proceed. Now propose a method with the help of which they can generate many copies of the gene. Here you need to know that they have the plasmid from where they can get the gene. You do not need to explain the process in detail rather answer in no more than 10 sentences on what can be done about this problem!arrow_forwardThe gene atg-12 codes for a protein associated with abnormal rates of cell destruction and recycling of cell contents. Scientists studying bacterial plasmids devised an experiment using recombinant DNA techniques to remove a section of DNA (gene atg-12) of a bacterial plasmid (pOKE103) and create a new plasmid (pOKE104) that did not contain the gene atg-12. The new plasmid was then incorporated within the DNA of the fungus Neurospora crassa in cellular studies. Which statement explains the expected heredity of fungi that incorporate pOKE104? A - Fungi that incorporate pOKE104 will produce the protein from gene atg-12 and have increased rates of malignant tumors. B - Fungi that incorporate pOKE104 will not produce the protein from gene atg-12 but will have a normal appearance. C - The prokaryotic DNA will remain separate within the fungal cells, produce the protein from gene atg-12, and have increased rates of malignant tumors. D - The prokaryotic DNA will remain separate within the…arrow_forward
- Why is DNA microarray an important tool and explain How is DNA microarray used in detecting cancer?arrow_forwardAgrobacterium tumefaciens is a bacterium that infects a wide range of broad-leaved plants. During infection, a plasmid called Ti is transferred into the plant cells, where that plasmid DNA is integrated into the plant’s genome. Some of the genes encoded by this plasmid are expressed by host cell machinery in the plant cell. These gene products produce plant hormones which stimulate cell division in the infected cells, causing the development of a plant tumor which provides an environment for that bacterium to grow. You are studying a novel isolate of A. tumefaciens and want to determine which of the genes on the Ti plasmid are expressed in the bacterium, and which are expressed in the plant. You start by sequencing the Ti plasmid. a) Considering the DNA sequence of Ti, describe two specific genetic features that would help you to differentiate whether a given gene is likely expressed in the plant or bacterium. b) You collect plant tumor tissue, containing both bacterial and plant…arrow_forwardWith the use of well-illustrated diagrams, reconstruct the entire cloning process by explaining different stages of the cloning process that involves the following:a. Isolation of target DNA fragments (often referred to as inserts)b. Ligation of inserts into the plasmid, creating recombinant molecules c. Transformation of recombinant plasmids into bacteria or other suitable host for propagationd. Screening/selection of hosts containing the intended recombinant plasmid. For this stage(d), discuss the importance of a second marker that can be used for screening of genomic DNA for colonies containing the pka-1 under the principle of insertional inactivation. This should be properly explained using all the attributes of the plasmid described above.arrow_forward
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