Genetics: Analysis and Principles
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259616020
Author: Robert J. Brooker Professor Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 17, Problem 10CONQ
Look at Figure 17.6 and predict what would happen if the SRP RNA was unable to stimulate the GTPase activities of the GTP-binding proteins within SRP and the SRP receptor.
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Referring to Figure 18.5, predict what would happen if the SRPRNA was unable to stimulate the GTPase activities of the GTPbindingproteins within SRP and the SRP receptor.
The ras protein is a mutated G protein that lacks GTPase activity. How does the absence of this activity affect the adenylyl cyclase pathway?
See figure 12.16b regarding the process by which cyclin regulates the Cdk. Suppose that the cyclin binding site in the Cdk contains these FOUR amino acids in this order
from top to bottom: serine, lysine, aspartic acid acid and lysine and the Cdk binding site in the cyclin contains these FOUR amino acids in this order from top to
bottom: aspartic acid, aspartic acid, lysine and serine. Use the schematics below to show the R groups and how they might interact to create the cyclin.cdk complex.
Label both binding sites, show all charges that will be used to create any bonds, and label all bonds formed and add the ATP active site.
Cyclin
Serine
Lysine
Aspartic
"Acid
Lysine
-OH
NH3t
-Coo
NH3+
NH3 +
-OH
Aspartic
Aad
Aspartic
Acid
/Lysine
Serine
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Chapter 17 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Ch. 17.1 - Which of the following can bind to ncRNAs? a. DNA...Ch. 17.1 - 2. When an ncRNA functions as a decoy, it
a....Ch. 17.1 - Prob. 3COMQCh. 17.2 - 1. Which of the following functions does HOTAIR...Ch. 17.3 - 1. The process of RNA interference may lead to
a....Ch. 17.3 - 2. In catalyzing the methylation or...Ch. 17.4 - 1. Which of the following is a function of SRP?...Ch. 17.5 - 1. Which of the following components are needed...Ch. 17.5 - 2. In the CRISPR-Cas system, what does the...Ch. 17.5 - Which of the following is a function of the...
Ch. 17.6 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 17.6 - Let's suppose that the overexpression of a...Ch. 17 - 1. List and briefly describe four types of...Ch. 17 - 2. An ncRNA may have the following functions:...Ch. 17 - 3. What is meant by the term RNA world? Describe...Ch. 17 - Explain how HOTAIR plays a role in the...Ch. 17 - What is the phenomenon of RNA interference (RNAi)?...Ch. 17 - With regard to RNAi, what are three possible...Ch. 17 - 7. What is the difference between an miRNA and an...Ch. 17 - Together with a specific set of proteins, snoRNAs...Ch. 17 - Describe the structure of SRP in eukaryotes, and...Ch. 17 - Look at Figure 17.6 and predict what would happen...Ch. 17 - Compare and contrast the roles of crRNA and...Ch. 17 - In the CRISPR-Cas system, does the tracrRNA act as...Ch. 17 - Prob. 13CONQCh. 17 - Outline the steps that occur when piRISCs silence...Ch. 17 - List five types of cancer in which ncRNAs can be...Ch. 17 - Prob. 16CONQCh. 17 - A protein called trypsin, which plays a role in...Ch. 17 - Prob. 2EQCh. 17 - Prob. 3EQCh. 17 - As described in Chapter 21, the CRISPR-Cas system...Ch. 17 - Prob. 5EQCh. 17 - Prob. 6EQCh. 17 - Prob. 1QSDCCh. 17 - Go to the PubMed website and do a search using the...
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- See figure 12.16b regarding the process by which cyclin regulates the Cdk. Suppose that the cyclin binding site in the Cdk contains these FOUR amino acids in this order from top to bottom: serine, lysine, aspartic acid acid and lysine and the Cdk binding site in the cyclin contains these FOUR amino acids in this order from top to bottom: aspartic acid, aspartic acid, lysine and serine. Use the schematics below to show the R groups and how they might interact to create the cyclin.cdk complex. Label both binding sites, show all charges that will be used to create any bonds, and label all bonds formed and add the ATP active site. A Explain what a kinase does and how the cyclin controls the activity of the Cdk.arrow_forwardGTP is an important high-energy molecule that facilitates the activation of many cellular sig- nal transduction pathways. Certain genetic dysfunctions can inhibit the ability of a cell to synthesize GTP. Which of the following describes the most direct result of GTP synthesis inhibition? A B с D The cell would be able to carry out reception and transduction but would not be able to produce the cellular response in the relevant signal transduction pathway. The G protein-coupled receptor will not be able to bind corresponding ligands, inhibiting the reception components of the relevant signal transduction pathway. The cell will use ATP instead of GTP to activate the G protein on the intracellular region of the G protein-coupled receptor. The cell would not be able to activate G proteins on the intracellular regions of G pro- tein-coupled receptors.arrow_forwardAfter the GEF causes the GTPase to release its GDP, why is the nucleotide-binding site immediately filled by a GTP molecule rather than a GDP molecule?arrow_forward
- GTP binding proteins are molecular switches. How do GTP binding proteins work? Provide two examples of GTP binding proteins that function in intracellular protein transport. Make a drawing that illustrates the function of each of these proteins in their respective roles. Predict the direct outcome of a mutation that: Inhibits GTPase activity Inhibits interaction with the GEFarrow_forwardG protein coupled receptors play an important role in signal transduction in many cells. Label the four essential components of the G protein coupled receptor signaling system (blanks a-d in the picture) by choosing from the menus below. a b b Each answer will be used at most once, while some will not be used at all (select one for each): Group of answer choices transcription factor с transcription factor Show Transcribed Text d transcription factor B C. transcription factor G protein second messenger G protein second messenger IE G protein second messenger G protein second messenger receptor receptor receptor receptor enzyme enzyme enzyme enzyme steroid hormone steroid hormone steroid hormone steroid hormonearrow_forwardWhy is the GTPase activity of G proteins crucial to the proper functioning of a cell? Propose a theory as to why G proteins have not evolved to catalyze GTP hydrolysis more efficiently.arrow_forward
- Briefly describe the following properties of the Rab and Arf GTPases: a) Size, structure and cellular localization (for structure I want to know if they are lipidated and any other unique features) , b) How are they activated and inactivated (i.e. include the GEFs and GAPs), c). Give an example of downstream cellular effects.arrow_forwardSome strains of bacteria or microorganisms have developed toxins that can modify the activity of the alpha subunit of G proteins which results in disease. For ex. cholera toxin, produced by Vibrio cholerae, causes ADP ribosylation of the stimulatory Gαs subunit of G proteins. This modification abolishes the GTPase of Gαs, and results in an αs subunit that is always in the “on” or active state. It results in continuous stimulation of adenylyl cyclase (AC). The main cells affected by this are the epithelial cell in gastrointestinal tract. Knowing this altered activity of AC, explain why patients affected by this toxin experience severe diarrhea and dehydration that may result in death.arrow_forwardMany cellular processes require the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP. However, unlike ATP, GTP hydrolysis is often not used as an energy source for the cell, but rather, is associated with a group of enzymes called GTPases. Which of the following statements about GTP and GTPases is correct? 1. GTPase activating protein (GAP) binds to GTPase when it is in the active state. 2. The exchange factor GEF binds GTP directly and delivers it to the GTPase. 3. The "switching" behaviour of GTPase is because GTP hydrolysis causes the enzyme to change shape. 4. Structural differences in the terminal phosphate group explains why ATP hydrolysis releases energy and GTP does not. O 1,2 and 3 O 1 and 3 O 2 and 4 O 4 only O All of 1,2.3 and 4 are correctarrow_forward
- Why is the GTPase activity of G proteins crucial to the proper functioning of a cell? Why have G proteins not evolved to catalyze GTP hydrolysis more efficiently?arrow_forwardThe figure from Moore (2020) shows a G protein-coupled receptor in a membrane. Note that "out" means outside the cell and "in" means facing the cytoplasm. The three amino acids "DRY" in loop I2 are required for protein targeting. What is the name of this kind of sequence, and what is its function? What protein targeting sequence is no longer included in this diagram? Why? The sequence "QXXNK" (where X is any amino acid) found in loop I3 has been identified based on its enzymatic activity. What is this activity? What particular domain would you expect to find in either Loop E1, E2, or E3? The gene that codes for this protein is a member of a family of genes that has arisen over evolutionary time. If you compared several of the genes in this family, would you expect their sequences to be most homologous (similar) in the region you describe in #3 above or #4 above? Why?arrow_forwardCompare and contrast GPCR and RTK signaling. What role does GTP play in each? What role does phosphorylation play? How do these two signaling types compare to steroid signaling with respect to gene activation?arrow_forward
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