Genetics: Analysis and Principles
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259616020
Author: Robert J. Brooker Professor Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 17, Problem 1QSDC
Summary Introduction
To review:
The type of ncRNA (noncoding ribonucleic acid)that might have arisen during the RNA world and the one which arose after the modern RNA/DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid) /protein world.
Introduction:
Non-coding RNA isa functional RNA that is transcribed from DNA but cannot be translated to protein. There are two types of ncRNA; short and long ncRNA. The short ncRNA is further divided into microRNA (miRNA), piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA), short interfering (siRNA). They are involved in regulating and influencing human diseases.
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Chapter 17 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Ch. 17.1 - Which of the following can bind to ncRNAs? a. DNA...Ch. 17.1 - 2. When an ncRNA functions as a decoy, it
a....Ch. 17.1 - Prob. 3COMQCh. 17.2 - 1. Which of the following functions does HOTAIR...Ch. 17.3 - 1. The process of RNA interference may lead to
a....Ch. 17.3 - 2. In catalyzing the methylation or...Ch. 17.4 - 1. Which of the following is a function of SRP?...Ch. 17.5 - 1. Which of the following components are needed...Ch. 17.5 - 2. In the CRISPR-Cas system, what does the...Ch. 17.5 - Which of the following is a function of the...
Ch. 17.6 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 17.6 - Let's suppose that the overexpression of a...Ch. 17 - 1. List and briefly describe four types of...Ch. 17 - 2. An ncRNA may have the following functions:...Ch. 17 - 3. What is meant by the term RNA world? Describe...Ch. 17 - Explain how HOTAIR plays a role in the...Ch. 17 - What is the phenomenon of RNA interference (RNAi)?...Ch. 17 - With regard to RNAi, what are three possible...Ch. 17 - 7. What is the difference between an miRNA and an...Ch. 17 - Together with a specific set of proteins, snoRNAs...Ch. 17 - Describe the structure of SRP in eukaryotes, and...Ch. 17 - Look at Figure 17.6 and predict what would happen...Ch. 17 - Compare and contrast the roles of crRNA and...Ch. 17 - In the CRISPR-Cas system, does the tracrRNA act as...Ch. 17 - Prob. 13CONQCh. 17 - Outline the steps that occur when piRISCs silence...Ch. 17 - List five types of cancer in which ncRNAs can be...Ch. 17 - Prob. 16CONQCh. 17 - A protein called trypsin, which plays a role in...Ch. 17 - Prob. 2EQCh. 17 - Prob. 3EQCh. 17 - As described in Chapter 21, the CRISPR-Cas system...Ch. 17 - Prob. 5EQCh. 17 - Prob. 6EQCh. 17 - Prob. 1QSDCCh. 17 - Go to the PubMed website and do a search using the...
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- The number of microRNAs encoded by the genome varies widely among organisms: some species have many miRNA genes and other species have relatively few. Researchers have determined the number of miRNA genes possessed by different species and have made the following observations: a. The number of miRNA genes found on a chromosome is not correlated with chromosome length. In other words, longer chromosomes do not necessarily have more miRNA genes. b. Most species show a strong positive correlation between the number of miRNA genes on a chromosome and the number of non-proteinencoding genes on that chromosome. In other words, chromosomes with more non-protein-encoding genes have more miRNA genes. c. Many species display a strong positive correlation between the number of miRNA genes on a chromosome and the number of proteinencoding genes on that chromosome. In other words, chromosomes with more protein-encoding genes have more miRNA genes. Propose possible explanations for these…arrow_forwardThe number of microRNAs encoded by the genome varies widely among organisms: some species have many miRNA genes and other species have relatively few. Researchers have determined the number of miRNA genes possessed by different species and have made the following observations: a. The number of miRNA genes found on a chromosome is not correlated with chromosome length. In other words, longer chromosomes do not necessarily have more miRNA genes. b. Most species show a strong positive correlation between the number of miRNA genes on a chromosome and the number of non-proteinencoding genes on that chromosome. In other words, chromosomes with more non-protein-encoding genes have more miRNA genes. c. Many species display a strong positive correlation between the number of miRNA genes on a chromosome and the number of protein encoding genes on that chromosome. In other words, chromosomes with more protein-encoding genes have more miRNA genes Propose possible explanations for these…arrow_forwardBriefly describe the role of the following RNAS: (i) IncRNA (ii) miRNAarrow_forward
- Contrast the origins and functions of the three maincategories of small regulatory RNAs (miRNAs, siRNAs,and piRNAs).arrow_forwardThe piRNA, miRNA and RNAi pathways are all similar and may have evolved from some early function of small RNAs in an ancestral cell. The piRNA pathway seems a bit unique in several ways however. Name two distinct features that are unique to the piRNA pathway when compared to the miRNA and the RNAi pathwaarrow_forwardExplain the piRNAs (piwi-interacting RNAs) ? How are they used ?arrow_forward
- MicroRNAs are small RNA molecules that bind to the 3′ end of mRNA and suppress translation . Some eukaryotic mRNAs have internal ribosome-binding sites downstream of the 5′ cap, where ribosomes normally bind. In one investigation, miRNAs did not suppress translation by ribosomes that had attached to internal ribosomebinding sites ). What does this finding suggest about how miRNAs suppress translation?arrow_forwardDescribe the function of the following RNAs. (i) mRNA (ii) piRNAarrow_forwardExplain the posttranscriptional roles of lncRNAs ?arrow_forward
- A doctoral student in biology, Esther Mensah, is reviewing primary literature over RNAi interference as part of her literary research for her proposal on decreasing the amount of abnormal white blood cell growth associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) using a murine (mouse) model. She is being provided with 10 AML mice courtesy of her mentor. Can you help her out with her proposal? 1) Given her knowledge of RNAi, what type of RNA will Esther use to target the murine AML gene? a piRNA. b circRNA. c lncRNA. d siRNA. 2) In order for Esther’s RNAi to work, the small RNA pieces have to interact with another molecule. What molecule does she hope it will bind to? a DUH! It will bind to the DNA strands of the AML gene and knock it out! b It will bind to tRNA, which will block attachment of the amino acids needed to make the AML protein. c It will bind to circRNA, which will increase its longevity. d It will bind to the…arrow_forwardMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, noncoding, single-stranded RNAs approximately 19-25 nucleotides in length that bind to mRNAs. Numerous protein-encoding genes are regulated by miRNAs, including those involved in the immune response. Research has shown that rejection of transplanted organs is associated with alterations in the expression of various genes. To determine whether a link exists between miRNA expression patterns and organ rejection, a team of scientists performed the following set of experiments. Experiment 1 MicroRNA levels were measured in the biopsy specimens of patients with normal transplanted kidneys and patients with kidneys that showed histologic features of acute rejection (AR). MicroRNA sequences are shown in Table 1. Table 1 Normalized miRNA levels miRNA Sequence miR-142-5p 5'-CAUAAAGUAGAAAGCACUACU-3' miR-155 5'-UUAAUGCUAAUCGUGAUAGGGGU-3' Nucleotide Sequences for Mature miRNAs miR-223 miR-10b 5'-UACCCUGUAGAACCGAAUUUGUG-3' let-7c miR-30a-3p 5'-CUUUCAGUCGGAUGUUUGCAGC-3'…arrow_forwardGiven that ncRNA can have separate protein interaction sequences and nucleotide interaction sequences, do you think a single ncRNA could guide different proteins to the same DNA sequence? Why or why not?arrow_forward
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