Genetics: Analysis and Principles
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259616020
Author: Robert J. Brooker Professor Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 17, Problem 5EQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
Compare miRNA (micro ribonucleic acid) oligonucleotides, locked
Introduction:
Cancer is a term that encompasses a collection of different related diseases. In cancer, an abnormal growth of cells occurs and spreads to different body tissues. Certain types of cancer can be treated by using certain modified chemical derivatives like, miRNA oligonucleotide, antagomirs, and locked nucleic acid.
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Compare and contrast anti-miRNA oligonucleotides, locked nucleicacids (LNAs), and antagomirs, which may eventually be used to treat certain forms of cancer.
What is miRNA replacement therapy? Describe three examples of this treatment approach.
Consider the following sequence fragment of an mRNA. Which of the miRNAS below would be competent for gene silencing?
5'-AUGCAAGCAUUGGCCAAGCUU-3'
5'-AUGCAAGCAUUGGCCAAGCUU-3
5'-UACGUUCGUAACCGGUUCGAA-3'
5'-AAGCUUGGUUAAUGCUUGCAU-3'
5'-UUCGAACCAAUUACGAACGUA-3'
3'-UUCGAACCAAUUACGAACGUA-5
3'-AUGCAAGCAUUGGCCAAGCUU-5'
Chapter 17 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Ch. 17.1 - Which of the following can bind to ncRNAs? a. DNA...Ch. 17.1 - 2. When an ncRNA functions as a decoy, it
a....Ch. 17.1 - Prob. 3COMQCh. 17.2 - 1. Which of the following functions does HOTAIR...Ch. 17.3 - 1. The process of RNA interference may lead to
a....Ch. 17.3 - 2. In catalyzing the methylation or...Ch. 17.4 - 1. Which of the following is a function of SRP?...Ch. 17.5 - 1. Which of the following components are needed...Ch. 17.5 - 2. In the CRISPR-Cas system, what does the...Ch. 17.5 - Which of the following is a function of the...
Ch. 17.6 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 17.6 - Let's suppose that the overexpression of a...Ch. 17 - 1. List and briefly describe four types of...Ch. 17 - 2. An ncRNA may have the following functions:...Ch. 17 - 3. What is meant by the term RNA world? Describe...Ch. 17 - Explain how HOTAIR plays a role in the...Ch. 17 - What is the phenomenon of RNA interference (RNAi)?...Ch. 17 - With regard to RNAi, what are three possible...Ch. 17 - 7. What is the difference between an miRNA and an...Ch. 17 - Together with a specific set of proteins, snoRNAs...Ch. 17 - Describe the structure of SRP in eukaryotes, and...Ch. 17 - Look at Figure 17.6 and predict what would happen...Ch. 17 - Compare and contrast the roles of crRNA and...Ch. 17 - In the CRISPR-Cas system, does the tracrRNA act as...Ch. 17 - Prob. 13CONQCh. 17 - Outline the steps that occur when piRISCs silence...Ch. 17 - List five types of cancer in which ncRNAs can be...Ch. 17 - Prob. 16CONQCh. 17 - A protein called trypsin, which plays a role in...Ch. 17 - Prob. 2EQCh. 17 - Prob. 3EQCh. 17 - As described in Chapter 21, the CRISPR-Cas system...Ch. 17 - Prob. 5EQCh. 17 - Prob. 6EQCh. 17 - Prob. 1QSDCCh. 17 - Go to the PubMed website and do a search using the...
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- What are the differences between miRNA and siRNA? (Select all that apply.) OmiRNAs carry the genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus directly to the cytoplasm, and siRNAs are involved in the degradation of specific mRNA molecules. miRNAs are from 22 to 30 bases long, and siRNAs are 22 bases long. O miRNAs carry the genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus directly to the cytoplasm, and siRNAs help with the processing of the initial mRNA transcribed from DNA into a mature form. miRNAs prevent translation of certain mRNAs, and siRNAs are involved in the degradation of specific mRNA molecules. miRNAs are 20 to 22 bases long, and siRNAs are from 20 to 30 bases long.arrow_forwardMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, noncoding, single-stranded RNAs approximately 19-25 nucleotides in length that bind to mRNAs. Numerous protein-encoding genes are regulated by miRNAs, including those involved in the immune response. Research has shown that rejection of transplanted organs is associated with alterations in the expression of various genes. To determine whether a link exists between miRNA expression patterns and organ rejection, a team of scientists performed the following set of experiments. Experiment 1 MicroRNA levels were measured in the biopsy specimens of patients with normal transplanted kidneys and patients with kidneys that showed histologic features of acute rejection (AR). MicroRNA sequences are shown in Table 1. Table 1 Normalized miRNA levels miRNA Sequence miR-142-5p 5'-CAUAAAGUAGAAAGCACUACU-3' miR-155 5'-UUAAUGCUAAUCGUGAUAGGGGU-3' Nucleotide Sequences for Mature miRNAs miR-223 miR-10b 5'-UACCCUGUAGAACCGAAUUUGUG-3' let-7c miR-30a-3p 5'-CUUUCAGUCGGAUGUUUGCAGC-3'…arrow_forwardWhat would be a possible result if a miRNA that perfectly complemented E3 ligase was successfully processed in the cell?arrow_forward
- Let’s suppose that the overexpression of a particular miRNA was associatedwith pancreatic cancer. Which of the following agents might be effective in treating this type of cancer?a. Enoxacinb. A DNA demethylating agentc. An anti-miRNA oligonucleotided. Both a and barrow_forwardmiRNAs target endogenous mRNAs in a sequence-specific manner. Explain, conceptually, how one might identify potential mRNA targets for a given miRNA if you only know the sequence of the miRNA and the sequence of all mRNAs in a cell or tissue of interest.arrow_forwardExplain how the miR-200 family of miRNAs behave as tumorsuppressorgenes. What happens when their expression is blocked or decreased?arrow_forward
- Match each of the following descriptions to the type of regulatory RNA affecting a "target" gene (aka, the gene the regulatory RNA is regulating). Use each answer once. This regulatory RNA may increase siRNA transcription of the target gene by recruiting activator proteins. secondary structures on RNA can become... IncRNA these regulatory RNAs regulate gene miRNA expression post transcriptionally generally by binding to the 3'-UTR regions of their target RNAs > >arrow_forwardWhile miRNA response elements (MREs) may be located anywhere within an mRNA, they are most often found outside the coding region in the 5 or 3 UTR. Explain why this is likely the case given that miRNAs often target more than one mRNA.arrow_forwardThe number of microRNAs encoded by the genome varies widely among organisms: some species have many miRNA genes and other species have relatively few. Researchers have determined the number of miRNA genes possessed by different species and have made the following observations: Q. The number of miRNA genes found on a chromosome is not correlated with chromosome length. In other words, longer chromosomes do not necessarily have more miRNA genes.arrow_forward
- MicroRNA (miRNA) in eukaryotes are similar to anti-sense RNA in bacteria in that they regulate expression but they are much smaller and need to be processed before they bind to their target mRNA. True Falsearrow_forwardList five types of cancer in which ncRNAs can be involved.arrow_forwardYou are a research scientist studying miRNA processing. You currently know everything about the pathway except for one detail: whether Dicer resides in the nucleus or in the cytoplasm. You have an experiment setup where you have a miRNA that completely complements the GFP (green fluorescent protein) gene in a model yeast cell. You plan to mutate Exportin 5 and make it dysfunctional, then you will inject synthetic pre-miRNA either in its double strand form or its hairpin single strand form into the cell. Should you inject the synthetic pre-miRNA into the nucleus or the cytoplasm? a) b) If you inject hairpin single stranded pre-miRNA into the appropriate location in the cell, what color do you expect the yeast to be if Dicer is in the nucleus? What color would the yeast be if Dicer is in the cytoplasm? Briefly explain your reasoning.arrow_forward
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