Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393615098
Author: John W. Foster, Joan L. Slonczewski
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 15, Problem 4RQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The consumption and reformation of ribulose 1, 5-bisphosphate in the Calvin cycle and the key products that emerge to form sugars and amino acids.
Introduction:
Calvin cycle is a light-independent reaction that takes place in the absence of light in a process such as photosynthesis. This reaction depends on light indirectly for the energy units like ATP (Adenosine triphosphate). Ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate is a negatively charged, 5-carbon organic sugar. Â
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Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
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- How many net ATP molecules are consumed during the dark reactions of photosynthesis for each molecule of hexose synthesized?arrow_forward1) When a leaf on an oak tree absorbs 15,440 photons, how many glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate molecules can be produced by the Calvin cycle? b)When a leaf on an oak tree absorbs 15,440 photons, how many glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate molecules can be produced by the Calvin cycle?arrow_forwardStatement 1: In the Calvin Cycle, two molecules of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate are produced if two molecules of carbon dioxide are fixed. Statement 2: If the carbon fixation phase of the Calvin Cycle begins with 6 molecules of ribulose bisphosphate and 6 molecules of carbon dioxide, 2 out of 12 molecules of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate made at the end of the reduction phase are used in carbohydrate production while the remaining 10 molecules are needed to keep the Calvin Cycle turning by regenerating ribulose bisphosphate. Hide answer choices Statement 1 is true. Statement 2 is false. Statement 1 is false. Statement 2 is true. Both statements are true. Both statements are falsearrow_forward
- The Calvin cycle requires both ATP and NADPH. Which of these molecules provides the major input of energy needed to synthesize carbohydrates?arrow_forwardA culture of the single celled organism Chlamydomonas is actively carrying out photosynthesis in the presence of light and CO2. If you turned off the light, how would you expect the amounts of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate and 3-phosphoglycerate to change over the next minute? How about if you left the light on and removed the CO2? Please answer these questions with specific references to the Calvin cycle.arrow_forwarda) Draw the carboxylation reaction mechanism catalyzed by Rubisco. Include the substrates, products, key amino acid residues in the active site, and important metal ions. b) Describe each step in the Rubisco carboxylation reaction and why the carbamylated lysine is critical for enzyme activity. c. Describe the purpose of the "regeneration stage" of the Calvin-Benson cycle.arrow_forward
- What happens during the carbon fixation stage of the Calvin Cycle (light-indepedent reactions)? Energy from ATP and electrons from NADPH are used to reduce 3-phosphoglycerate to form G3P molecules (which can be used to form other organic molecules such as glucose) Oxygen is produced through this process The remaining G3P molecules that have exited the cycle are used to re-form RuBP through a series of chemical reactions, so that the Calvin cycle can continue. The enzyme Rubisco attaches to RuBP, causing the formation of molecules of 3-phosphoglyceratearrow_forwardWhat is the overall purpose of the light reactions in photosynthesis?arrow_forwardA culture of the single celled organism Chlamydomonas is actively carrying out photosynthesis in the presence of light and CO2. If you turned off the light, how would you expect the amounts of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate and 3-phosphoglycerate to change over the next minute? How about if you left the light on and removed the CO2?arrow_forward
- How many water molecules have to be split as part of the light reactions to produce enough ATP and NADPH for the Calvin cycle to produce one molecule of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)? STROMA (low H+ concentration) Light THYLAKOID SPACE (high H+ concentration) STROMA (low H+ concentration) Photosystem II 4 H+ H₂O 1 1/2 0₂ +2 H+ Thylakoid membrane Cytochrome complex Light Pq 4 H+ Photosystem I Pc ATP synthase ADP + H+ Fd M ATP NADP+ reductase NADP+ + H+ NADPH To Calvin Cyclearrow_forwardHow much NADPH and ATP is required to make one hexosemolecule by the Calvin cycle?arrow_forwardThe Calvin cycle, the "dark reaction" or Carbon fixation reactions of photosynthesis, cannot occur at night in a living plant. Which of the following best describes why this is true? A) The stomata are incapable of opening at night, thus CO2 cannot enter the leaf B) The reactions of the Calvin cycle are dependent on light reactions for high-energy compounds C) Several enxymes necessary for Calvin cycle activity have been degraded during the day and must be replaced D) Light is required to transport the water necessary for the cycle E) Cooler temperatures at night slow enzyme activity and rates of substrate diffusionarrow_forward
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