Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393615098
Author: John W. Foster, Joan L. Slonczewski
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Question
Chapter 15.6, Problem 4TQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The reason behind the conversion of ribosyl
Introduction:
Nucleotides are compounds that are made up of a nucleoside group and a phosphate group. These are the fundamental constituting units of both DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). Nucleosides are comprised of a nucleobase along with a five-carbon sugar. Adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine are the four nucleotides present in DNA while thymine is replaced by uracil in the case of RNA and the others remain the same.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
How does the structure of a DNA molecule help account for the great variety of life that exists on earth?
In a discussion about the origin of life, one student argued that RNA
molecules must have come before DNA molecules. What is the
most likely rationale for this argument?
RNA can both store genetic information and catalyze chemical reactions,
which are necessary for self-replication.
RNA is more stable than DNA, making it more suitable for early life
forms.
RNA can replicate faster than DNA, enabling rapid evolution.
RNA can translate genetic information into proteins, whereas DNA
cannot.
How did the discovery of ribozymes affect our understanding of the origin of life and the RNA world?
A) The discovery of ribozymes demonstrated that enzymes did not have to be proteins, and that RNA can store, transmit, and do biological work as an enzymatic molecule.
B) The discovery of ribozymes helped us understand why RNA only stores and transmits biological data, but does not act as an enzymatic molecule.
C) The discovery of ribozymes verified that enzymes had to be proteins. This discovery helped to eliminate other theories about the origin of life in RNA world.
D) The discovery of ribozymes demonstrated definitively that ribozymes function only as an enzymatic molecule and therefore evolved before information carrier molecules.
Chapter 15 Solutions
Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- How could enzymes have evolved without nucleic acids to encode their amino acid sequence?arrow_forwardIf RNA played a key role in the origin of life,why do cells now use DNA for information storage and proteins to carry out other cellular processes?arrow_forwardWhy do scientist believe RNA was the first molecule to form life?arrow_forward
- RNA is often characterized as being the first“biologically active” molecule. What two properties or activitiesdoes RNA display that are important to the evolution of life? Hint:Neither proteins nor DNA have both of these properties.arrow_forwardTransfer RNA (after becoming “charged” with an amino acid) contains which of the following covalent bonds that are absent in all other forms of RNA? the glycosidic bond the phosphodiester bond the hydrogen bond the aminoacyl bond the peptide bond The green sea slug carries the genes for synthesizing chlorophyll (apparently acquired from the chloroplasts of green algae), illustrating which type of genetic change leading to evolution? horizontal gene transfer gene deletion gene duplication mutation exon shufflingarrow_forward1) Name and give a brief account of the theory that explains the evolution of Eukaryotic cells from Prokaryotic cells. 2) Explain the reactions that occur to form polysaccharides, using starch as an example. 3) What do enzymes do? What are their main structural features? Give an example of a biological enzyme. 4) Describe the structure of fats and lipids. Why are some solid at room temperature whereas others, particularly from plants, are liquid? Briefly describe the structure of an animal cell. What are the main differences between animal and plant cells? Briefly outline the steps involved in the synthesis of ATP in eukaryotic cellsarrow_forward
- Glycine is a highly conserved amino acid residue in the evolution of proteins. Why?arrow_forwardHow could nucleic acids have appeared without the enzymes that catalyze their synthesis?arrow_forwardShow some functions of the tetrahymena hammer head ribozyme, the L-19IVS ribozyme and 28S ribosomal RNA ribozyme. Explain importance as a support for chemical evolution. Please use a detailed diagram to answer each part.arrow_forward
- How did nucleic acid synthesis (which requires many protein enzymes) and protein synthesis (which requires the genetic code to specify the order of amino acids) come to be?arrow_forwardHow origin of life is attributed to light and water? How did Whittaker classify organisms? How bacteriophage help in controlling the disease?arrow_forwardIn the 1950s, scientists Miller and Urey conducted a classic experiment in which water, methane, ammonia, and hydrogen were sealed in a flask containing a pair of electrodes. An electric spark was fired between the electrodes, and after a week's time, they found that amino acids were present in the flask. Which of the following best explains the significance of this experiment in explaining the origin of life on Earth? A. It showed that any raw materials could produce the compounds necessary for life to exist on early Earth. B. It showed that life must have started somewhere else since organic compounds only come from living thin C. It showed how biological molecules can be formed from the very simple molecules that were available on early Earth. D. It showed how lightning can cause organic matter to decompose into amino acids, which were the first molecules on early Earth.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSON
Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781259398629
Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780815344322
Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781260159363
Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9781260231700
Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:McGraw Hill Education
Mechanisms of Genetic Change or Evolution; Author: Scientist Cindy;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5FE8WvGzS4Q;License: Standard Youtube License