Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393615098
Author: John W. Foster, Joan L. Slonczewski
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 15, Problem 11RQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The molecular basis for the regulation of nitrogen fixation and nitrogen scavenging.
Introduction:
Nitrogen fixation requires a great deal of energy and is therefore governed through exceptional tuning processes. Multiple factors evaluate the function of nitrogenase encoding genes and other proteins for nitrogen fixation. Oxygen suppresses nif gene expression in case the cell already has sufficiently fixed nitrogen.
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Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
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- Define nitrogen fıxation and identify the key enzyme involved. Additionally explain how and why N fixing legumes minimize the concentration of O2 in the root nodulesarrow_forwardIf it were possible to increase nitrogen transport from rhizobia in root nodules to any part of soybean plants, what implications would this have for agriculture and food?arrow_forwardNitrogen deficiency stunts plant growth and causesleaves to turn yellow and then die. Why does nitrogendeficiency cause these symptoms? Hint: Think aboutwhich biological molecules incorporate nitrogen atoms.arrow_forward
- Describe the Haber-Bosch process to make fertilizers and the relative amounts of fixed nitrogen it produces.arrow_forwardWhy is nitrogen fixation so energetically costly?arrow_forwardSoil microorganisms, collectively referred to as dizotrophs, fix 90% of the inert nitrogen gas to ammonium and nitrate. There are two-main types of nitrogen-fixing bacteria: free-living (nonsymbiotic) and mutualistic (symbiotic). Describe the mutualistic relationship between Rhizobium and legumes. What is the advantage of using legumes as a cover crop in agricultural systems? A point of interest is that the nitrogenase enzyme complex is highly sensitive to oxygen. This is a major problem for free-living aerobic species such as cyanobacteria and species of the genera Azotobacter and Beiigrinckia. Describe two ways the bacteria can overcome to levels of oxygen in their cells.arrow_forward
- Identify major pathways where moleculescan be redirected or converted into usefulcell products.arrow_forwardWhat account for the reduction of levels of soluble carbohydrate and nitrogen of vegetation and tropical grassesarrow_forwardExplain the role of the following enzymes in feed industry:(a) Phytase (b) Tannase (c) Amylasearrow_forward
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