Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393615098
Author: John W. Foster, Joan L. Slonczewski
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 11.1, Problem 1TQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The formation of a resistant host cell without the formation of lysogens.
Introduction:
Lambda phage is a temperate bacteriophage that can undergo both lytic as well as lysogenic cycle. It inserts it genome into the host bacterial cell that circularizes. The phage genome integrates into the host genome to induce lysogeny in the host. Certain environmental signals can cause the excision of phage genome and induction of lytic cycle.
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Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
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- Describe the reason behind the occurrence of phage growth and release by the mating with the non-lysogenic recipient, but not with the infection by a lysogenic recipient.arrow_forwardModerna and Pfizer vaccines for COVID-19 use mRNA to the Spike protein combined with lipids. Which of the following is/are advantages of this type of vaccine compared to an inactivated virus vaccine? Select ALL correct answers. a) The vaccine is more stable for transport. b) The vaccine does not contain the virus so it cannot give you COVID-19. c) The vaccine can be rapidly produced in a slightly different form to protect from variants of SARS-CoV-2. d) The vaccine does not need a booster.arrow_forwardWhy is a webbed plate capable of producing a higher lysate titer (pfu/mL) than a cleared plate? a.) A webbed plate has plaques that have gone through more rounds of replication because the number of host cells did not limit phage replication, creating exponentially more phage particles b.) A webbed plate has no more host available for replication, meaning the plate is full of exponentially higher amounts of phage c.) A cleared plate has less bacteria than a webbed plate, so there are more plaques present d.) A cleared plate contains more phage than a webbed plate because it started with a more concentrated phage samplearrow_forward
- What advantages might a phage gain by being capable of lysogeny?arrow_forwardDuring the lysogenic cycle of lambda (1) phage the phage genome is integrated in the host chromosome where it is passed on to daughter cells through binary fission. the phage DNA is copied and accumulates in the cytoplasm. Then a trigger causes capsid proteins to be made and phages are assembled. the product of one prophage gene is made and it activates most of the other prophage genes. the viral genes immediately turn the host cell into a lambda-producing factory. Then the host lyses. 0000arrow_forwardphage can be "induced" as a result of DNA damage. Consequences of induction include. Temperate phage, e.g lambda phage; lytic cycle and transduction Lytic T4 phage, assembly, conjugation O Lytic phage, e.g. T4 phage; lysogenic cycle, prophage formation Temperate phage, e.g. lambada phage, prophage formation, transformation O T4 phage, lytic cycle, specialized trasnductionarrow_forward
- Which of the following is false when considering the CCR5Δ32 mutation? a) The mutation prevents the entry of HIV-1 into a T cell. b) The deletion that produced CCR5Δ32 caused a frameshift which extends the length of the protein product. c) CCR5Δ32 prevents infection by HIV-1 in homozygotes but only delays the onset of HIV symptoms in heterozygotes. d) The protein product produced by CCR5Δ32 is altered in such a manner that it cannot embed in the cell membrane.arrow_forwardWhat is the difference between the lytic and lysogenic cycle of bacteriophages? In the lysogenic cycle, the phage DNA integrates itself into the host genome after penetration, and continues to biosynthesis when conditions change The host cell is not killed in the lysogenic cycle The lytic cycle occurs in the nucleus, while the lysogenic cycle occurs in the cytoplasm In the lysogenic cycle, penetration is achieved through phagocytosisarrow_forwardWhy are mutations in the spike protein of special interest in regard to vaccine evasion? Because the spike protein is the target of COVID-19 vaccines. Because mutations in the spike protein always are in the receptor-binding domain (RBD). Because spike protein mutations are associated with increased virus transmission. Because the gene for the spike protein mutates faster than the other genes. Because spike protein mutations are associated with increased disease severity.arrow_forward
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