Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393615098
Author: John W. Foster, Joan L. Slonczewski
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 11, Problem 7RQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The role of ancient retrovirus in the evolution of the human genome.
Introduction:
The concept of evolution tells that over time changes occur in a population of organisms. The changes in organisms give rise to new traits in species or sometimes a new species. The diversity on Earth is a result of evolution as the changes and evolution in unicellular organisms gave rise to the generation of multicellular organisms.
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What does a bacteriophage accomplish with lysogeny?
O 1) it allows the bacteriophage to destroy the host cell's DNA.
2) it enables the bacteriophage to take over the cell.
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O 5)
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What are the similarities and differences between retroviruses and retrotransposons? It has been hypothesized that retroviruses evolved from retrotransposons. Do you agree with this model? Justify your answer.
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a) It converts viral RNA into double-stranded DNA
Ob) It uses viral RNA as a template for making complementary RNA strands
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d) It uses viral DNA as a template for RNA synthesis
Chapter 11 Solutions
Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
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- What role did viruses play in the evolution of life?arrow_forwardWhich of the following models best depicts how the genetic information in a retrovirus is eventually translated into proteins? A) DNA in the retrovirus → RNA in the host cell → Proteins B) RNA in the retrovirus → DNA in the host cell → RNA in the host cell → Proteins C) RNA in the retrovirus → mRNA in the host cell → Proteins D) DNA in the retrovirus → mRNA in the host cell → Proteinsarrow_forwardwhat's the reason behind evolution of RNA virus recombination?arrow_forward
- Who discovered retrovirus?arrow_forwardEpidemiologists at the CDC in Atlanta, GA, have called you in to investigate an increased incidence of leukemia in a remote region of Africa. Shortly after you arrive, an RNA virus was isolated from patients and found to induce leukemia in mice. At this point, you don't know the viral gene product or the mechanism that causes development of leukemia. One of your lab assistants has isolated a variant of the virus that is missing 20% of the genome of the original virus and does not induce leukemia in mice. a) How would you determine which portion of the genome is associated with the development of leukemia? b) How would you determine the viral product or mechanism associated with the development of leukemia?arrow_forwardWhat is the origin (or origins) of viruses? Is there evidence that viruses have multiple origins? Show us the evidence.arrow_forward
- Which of the following are the functions of reverse transcriptase in retroviruses? i) it hydrolyzes the host cell's DNA ii) it uses viral RNA as a template for DNA synthesis iii) it converts host cell RNA into viral DNA iv) it translates viral RNA into proteins v) It uses viral RNA as a template for making complementary RNA strand vi) It degrades RNA from DNA-RNA hybrid Oi, iv and v O ii, iv, v and vi ii and iii ii and viarrow_forwardHow do retroviruses use the enzyme reverse transcriptase?arrow_forwardThere have been recent outbreaks of dog flu in the US. Why doesn't this virus infect humans? A) The virus can replicate in cells of all species but can only egress from dog cells. B) The genetic code of the virus is the same as that in dog cells but is different from other organisms. C) The virus can only attach to dog cells. D) The virus can enter cells of all species but can only replicate in dog cells.arrow_forward
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