After lambda infects a cell, how does it decide to create a lysogen? Name the major cis and trans players and their function.

Q: Explain what a lysogen is.

A: Bacteria are unicellular microorganisms that are found in nearly every environment on Earth,…

Q: What is a retrovirus and how does information flow for a retrovirus differ from that for the…

A: A virus is a microscopic parasite that can replicate and reproduce only inside living cells. The…

Q: 14) this is the serine protein kinase that when activated in a MPF complex that results in…

A: The cell cycle consists of the G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase, and mitotic phase, and is regulated by…

Q: Suppose a gain-of-function mutation happens in an oncogene. Which of the following changes is likely…

A: Cancer causing gene is known as oncogenes and its an abnormal active gene which promotes growth of…

Q: Describe the reason behind the occurrence of phage growth and release by the mating with the…

A: Bacteriophages frequently transition between the lytic and lysogenic states. The two gene regulatory…

Q: What are the FMN, Fe-s, Q, cytb, and cyt a3?

A: FMN, Fe-s, Q, cytb, and cyt a3: These are part of the electron transport chain.  electron transport…

Q: Isolates of Corynebacterium diphtheriae cause disease only if they carry a lysogenic bacteriophage…

A: Diphtheria is mostly caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae. It is a gram-positive rod-shaped…

Q: Certain environmental conditions such as exposure to UV light areknown to activate lysogenic λ…

A: Lambda (λ) phage is a bacterial virus, or bacteriophage, which infects the bacterium Escherichia…

Q: Is the Degradation of Xrn1 in poliovirus-infected cells an example of virus-encoded molecules…

A: No, this mechanism is a common theme in viral infection, including poliovirus infection. This is…

Q: Pegard to bacteriophage lambda's decision to enter the lytic or lysogenic cycle, which of following…

A: INTRODUCTION A bacteriophage, or phage for brief , is a virus that infects bacteria. Like other…

Q: What is the likely mechanism of spread of NDM-1?

A: NDM-1 is the protein product of a gene that some bacteria produce. A bacterial strain containing…

Q: In what major way does transcription of phage DNA differ inphages T4 and T7?

A: The central dogma of the protein synthesis process involves transcription and translation.…

Q: Which of the following is true about the HesC gene? Choose all possible answe a) repressed by the…

A: Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs) are the main cells inside the hematopoietic system that have the…

Q: What is the effect of the NDM gene?

A: NDM (New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase) gene,  found in Enterobacteriaceae, is a genetic element…

Q: Characterize the differences between tumor cells and normal cells in terms of the following…

A: A. The normal cell shows contact inhibition that means when two cells get contact then the growth…

Q: 10. When a primary signal needs to be sent to most cells throughout a multicellular organism, the…

A: The answers to the above questions are given below with explanation.

Q: In what functional ways do fDCs differ from mDCs?

A: Function of FDCs:- follicular dendritic cells(FDCs) is the role of crucial players in antibody…

Q: (a) Identify both the cellular component and the location of the component that is responsible for…

A: Luciferase reporter produces luminescence. If cells contain a luciferase vector, the luminescent…

Q: discuss the Role of telomere in disease  Provide detailed examples

A: Telomerase is an ribonucloprotein molecules responsible for end replication of leading strand of…

Q: Which of the following is a known characteristic or procesds that can lead to genetic changes in…

A: A virus is an infectious agent of small size and simple composition that can multiply only in living…

Q: 20. In class, we discussed different types of genetic change that can cause a normal gene (proto…

A: There are two common causes of most cancers involves mutations in genes called proto-oncogenes and…

Q: Is the Degradation of Xrn1 in poliovirus-infected cells an example of virus-encoded molecules…

A: The objective of the question is to understand whether the degradation of Xrn1 in…

Q: What percentage of cells in an organ or a tissue need toexpress a therapeutic gene to alleviate the…

A: Gene therapy is the method that involves the insertion of DNA or sequence of DNA in the cells of the…

Q: Bacteriophage T4 lacks its own RNA polymerase.How do T4 genes get expressed or converted to…

A: Bacteriophage T4  is a double stranded DNA genome that infects E.Coli bacteria. It is capable to…

Q: The mechanism of specialized transduction relies on the improper excision of a bacteriophage genome…

A: Gene transfer is the method of inserting genetic material (DNA or a gene of interest) into cells…

Q: Before the integration of a transposon, its transposasemakes a staggered cut in the host target DNA.…

A: Introduction Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a polymer made up of two polynucleotide chains that coil…

Q: Which of the following is an example of a proto-oncogene? 1) cell cycle inhibitor 2) tumor…

A: Oncogene The gene that are cancerous and divide cell abnormally.

Q: Why are retroviruses prone to accumulating oncogenes?

A: Retro viruses can cause backward flow of information from RNA to DNA. They contains the enzyme…

Q: If a Drosophila is found to have axons that cross back and forth over the body's midline several…

A: Introduction  Drosophila, commonly known as fruit flies, is a genus of small flies belonging to the…

Q: Can you please answer 19, and 20 please

A:

Q: What is the function of IFT?

A: IFT stands for Inter Ferential Therapy. It was discovered in the early's 1950. It is a very popular…

Q: Most bacterial repressor proteins are allosteric. Which of the following binds with the repressor to…

A: Genes are naturally accessible for transcription in bacteria, but repressor enzymes proactively turn…

Q: Retroviruses can cause cancer, along with some viruses with DNA genomes. For example, herpes…

A: Retroviruses can cause cancer. For example, herpes papillomavirus (HPV) causes cervical cancer. The…

Q: What are the major differences between HTLV-1 and HTLV-2?

A: HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 (human T-cell leukaemia viruses 1 and 2) have identical genomic structures that…

Q: Why do Tbx5 mutations affect limbs and heart but no other tissues?

A: Introduction Mutation can be defined as the change in the DNA sequence or a structural change in the…

Q: Which protein product of HTLV-1 functions as a transcriptional activator and is also considered to…

A: HTLV-1 is an enveloped virus that contains two strands of RNA within a protein capsid. It can infect…

Q: Diagrammatically explain the mechanism of cellular injury caused by virus and bacteria

A: In physiology, cellular injury is defined as the injury or damage to the cell due to various…

Q: Explain the term inducer.

A: The process of transcriptional regulation is mediated by various types of regulatory proteins,…

Q: Which of the following effectively describes the situation of someone with an inherited…

A: Breast cancer is a condition in which abnormal cells in the breast grow uncontrolled, resulting in a…

Q: 1) Assume you have an operon that is repressible. In this case, the rate of synthesis of repressor…

A: An operon is defined as a DNA functioning unit containing a cluster or group of genes under the…

Q: Give one examples of mutaion?

A: Any alteration in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence is termed as genetic mutation.

Viral Replication

The virus is acellular and considered non-living outside the host cell. The replication of the virus occurs only inside the living cells. Only a few genes are present in the smallest virus, whereas many genes are present in the largest virus. These genes encode specific viral proteins.