Genetics: Analysis and Principles
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259616020
Author: Robert J. Brooker Professor Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 11, Problem 1EQ
Answer the following questions pertaining to the experiment of Figure 11.3.
A. What would be the expected results if the Meselson and Stahl experiment were carried out for four or five generations?
B. What would be the expected results of the Meselson and Stahl experiment after three generations if the mechanism of
C. Considering the data from the experiment, explain why three different bands (i.e., light, half-heavy, and heavy) can be observed in the CsCl gradient.
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You have 2 solutions of DNA. Solution 1 contains single stranded viral DNA while Solution 2 has double stranded form of the same viral DNA. Both solutions contain 1 mg/ml of DNA. You then expose each of these solutions to UV light at 260 nm. Which of the following results would you expect to see after UV light exposure?
a.Neither solution will absorb any UV light but the DNA in both solutions will be broken by the action of the UV light.
b.Solution 1 will absorb less light than Solution 2
c.Solution 1 will absorb more light than solution 2.
d.Nothing will occur. DNA can only absorb UV light if it is interchelated with ethidium bromide.
e.Both solutions will absorb the same amount of light since their concentrations are the same.
Answer part C of the following:
A) E. coli DNA and binturong DNA are both 50% G-C. If you randomly shear E. coli DNA into 1000 bp fragments and put it through density gradient equilibrium centrifugation, you will find that all the DNA bands at the same place in the gradient, and if you graph the distribution of DNA fragments in the gradient you will get a single peak (see below). If you perform the same experiment with binturong DNA, you will find that a small fraction of the DNA fragments band separately in the gradient (at a different density) and give rise to a small "satellite" peak on a graph of the distribution of DNA fragments in the gradient (see below). Why do these two DNA samples give different results, when they're both 50% G-C? See graph B.
B) If you denatured the random 1000 bp fragments of binturong DNA that you produced in question 1a by heating them to 95ºC, and then cooled them down to 60ºC and allowed them to reanneal, you would find that approximately 15% of the…
You examine DNA replication in an E. coli mutant, which has a partially defective DNA polymerase. In vitro experiments using the mutant DNA polymerase gives an error rate of 10-3, as compared to the expected error rate of 10-6. Which of the following activities is the mutant polymerase likely to be missing, as compared to the normal polymerase? Explain your answer.
Chapter 11 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Ch. 11.1 - 1. The complementarity of DNA strands is based on...Ch. 11.1 - 2. To make a new DNA strand, which of the...Ch. 11.1 - 3. The model that correctly describes the process...Ch. 11.2 - 1. A site in a chromosome where DNA replication...Ch. 11.2 - The origin of replication in E. coli contains a....Ch. 11.3 - 1. The enzyme known as ______ uses ________ and...Ch. 11.3 - In the lagging strand, DNA is made in the...Ch. 11.4 - 1. DNA polymerase III is a processive enzyme,...Ch. 11.4 - 2. The proofreading function of DNA polymerase...Ch. 11.5 - 1. In eukaryotes, DNA replication is initiated at...
Ch. 11.5 - 2. Which of the following statements regarding DNA...Ch. 11.5 - 3. In eukaryotes, RNA primers are primarily...Ch. 11.5 - 4. To synthesize DNA, what does telomerase use as...Ch. 11 - What key structural features of the DNA molecule...Ch. 11 - 2. With regard to DNA replication, define the term...Ch. 11 - Which of the following statements is not true?...Ch. 11 - The compound known as nitrous acid is a reactive...Ch. 11 - One way that bacterial cells regulate DNA...Ch. 11 - 6. The chromosome of E. coli contains 4.6 million...Ch. 11 - Here are two strands of DNA. DNA polymerase The...Ch. 11 - A DNA strand has the following sequence:...Ch. 11 - 9. List and briefly describe the three types of...Ch. 11 - 10. As shown in Figure 11.5, five DnaA boxes are...Ch. 11 - 11. Obtain two strings of different colors (e.g.,...Ch. 11 - Sometimes DNA polymerase makes a mistake, and the...Ch. 11 - 13. A short genetic sequence, which may be...Ch. 11 - Single-strand binding proteins keep the two...Ch. 11 - 15. In the following drawing, the top strand is...Ch. 11 - Describe the three important functions of DnaA...Ch. 11 - 17. Draw a picture that illustrates how DNA...Ch. 11 - What is an Okazaki fragment? In which strand of...Ch. 11 - Discuss the similarities and differences in the...Ch. 11 - 20. Explain the proofreading function of DNA...Ch. 11 - 21. What is a processive enzyme? Explain why...Ch. 11 - 22. What enzymatic features of DNA polymerase...Ch. 11 - 23. As shown in Figure 11.24, telomerase attaches...Ch. 11 - If a eukaryotic chromosome has 25 origins of...Ch. 11 - Prob. 25CONQCh. 11 - A diagram of a linear chromosome is shown here....Ch. 11 - As discussed in Chapter 18, some viruses contain...Ch. 11 - 28. Telomeres contain a 3′ overhang region, as...Ch. 11 - 1. Answer the following questions pertaining to...Ch. 11 - An absentminded researcher follows the steps of...Ch. 11 - Figure 11.4b shows an autoradiograph of a...Ch. 11 - 4. As described in Table 11.3, what is the...Ch. 11 - The technique of dideoxy sequencing of DNA is...Ch. 11 - 6. Another technique described in Chapter 21 is...Ch. 11 - The complementarity of its two strands is the...Ch. 11 - Compare and contrast DNA replication in bacteria...Ch. 11 - 3. DNA replication is fast, virtually error-free,...
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- Which of the following statements BEST DESCRIBES the main findings of the Meselson-Stahl experiment? A. DNA can be separated using centrifugation B. The semiconservative model of DNA replication is more accurate than the dispersive or conservative models of DNA replication C. Using 14N in experiments is an effective way of tracking nitrogen molecules D. Bacteria grown in the presence of a heavier nitrogen isotope (15N) will replicate at a slower rate than those that utilise a lighter nitrogen isotope (14N) E. Both strands of each new DNA double helix are brand new and synthesized from individual nucleotidesarrow_forwardMany of the gene products involved in DNA synthesis wereinitially defined by studying mutant E. coli strains that could notsynthesize DNA. Question: The dnaE gene encodes the a subunit of DNA polymeraseIII. What effect is expected from a mutation in this gene?How could the mutant strain be maintained?arrow_forwardYou are studying a colony of cells and determine that some of these cells have a mutated DNA polymerase I that results in loss of function of this enzyme. A) What will the effect of the mutation in DNA polymerase I be on DNA replication? In your answer make sure to describe what would be observed in the leading and lagging strand and explain your reasoning. B) Will this mutation in DNA polymerase I have an impact on another step in DNA replication? In your answer make sure to indicate whether DNA replication will be impacted or not. If it is not, explain why. If it is impacted, then describe the step that is impacted and name the molecule or enzyme involved.arrow_forward
- Which statement below best describes what these data might have demonstrated to Kornberg about the process of replication? CHOOSE ONE and explain the rationale behind your answer in a minimum of four sentences. A. Products of replication are DNA polymers. B. DNA Pol I-mediated replication is a high-fidelity (i.e., no mistakes) process C. DNA Pol III-mediated replication gives rise to two daughter strands, one which is made of only the original templates, and one of which is only newly synthesized polymer. D. In DNA, all 4 classes of nitrogenous bases are more or less equally represented E. A pairs with T and C pairs with Garrow_forwardYou decide to repeat the Meselson-Stahl experiment, except this time you plan to grow the E. coli cells on light 14N medium for many generations and then transfer them to heavy 15N medium and allow them to grow for 2 additional generations (2 rounds of DNA replication). If the conservative model of DNA replication was correct, what is the expected distribution of DNA in the density gradient after two rounds of replication? Multiple Choice One band of intermediate density. One band of light density. One band of heavy density. One band of light density and one band of heavy density. One band of light density and one band of intermediate density.arrow_forwardPCR is a molecular biology technique where template DNA is amplified using a primer and oligonucleotides. The reaction is catalyzed by a thermostable DNA polymerase and in a particular reaction, the template strands are denatured at 95˚C. For strand hybridization, the melting temperature is 55˚C. What do you predict about the average duration of H bonds at the high temperature in comparison to the low temperature?arrow_forward
- Consider the experiment conducted by Meselson and Stahl in which they used 14N and 15N in cultures of E. coli and equilibrium density gradient centrifugation. Draw pictures to represent the bands produced by bacterial DNA in the centrifuge tube before the switch to medium containing 14N and after one, two, and three rounds of replication in that medium. Use separate sets of drawings to show the bands that would appear if replication were (a) semiconservative; (b) conservative; (c) dispersive.arrow_forwardYou decide to repeat the Meselson-Stahl experiment, except this time you plan to grow the E. coli cells on light 14N medium for many generations and then transfer them to heavy 15N medium and allow them to grow for 2 additional generations (2 rounds of DNA replication). If the conservative model of DNA replication was correct, what is the expected distribution of DNA in the density gradient after two rounds of replication?arrow_forwardRefer to Figure, which presents the Meselson–Stahl experiment. DNA molecules can be denatured by high pH, as well as by heat. Suppose that the CsCl gradient centrifugations were run at pH 12, conditions under which DNA strands separate. Sketch the gradient profiles expected for each of the four samples depicted in the figure.arrow_forward
- The experiment below is from a seminal set of experiments in the 1960s that illustrated the role of various repair pathways for DNA damage caused by UV radiation. In this experiment, the scientists isolated E coli strains that are mutant in the Rec A gene, the UvrA gene or both. They then irradiated cultures of each strain with increasing doses of UV light and measured the effect on cell viability. Answer the following questions about this data. A. Which DNA repair pathway and repair activity is inhibited by the Rec A mutant? B. Which DNA repair pathway and repair function is inhibited by UvrA mutant? C. Why is the UvrA/RecA double mutant so much more senitive to UV light than either mutant alone?arrow_forwardYou conducted an experiment to determine the mechanism of DNA replication in the hypothetical organism Fungus mungus. Your data shows that synthesis of newly replicated DNA from F. mungus is discontinuous on both strands of the replication fork. Does this result support or not support the hypothesis that F. mungus replicates its DNA by the same mechanism as yeast? Briefly explain your answer.arrow_forwardIt is desired to isolate genomic DNA from liquid culture of S. cerevisiae yeast. A commercial kit will be used to isolate genomic DNA from this liquid culture. Answer the following questions to understand the strategy used by commercial kits for genomic DNA isolation. a) List all the steps from cell pellet preparation to DNA elution. b) With which feature can the membrane in the column that comes with the commercial kit bind DNA? c) Which component in the kit would you use to recover the DNA from the membrane of the column to which the DNA was attached?arrow_forward
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