a. To determine: The two people that have diploid genotypes from which one can identify three different haploid sequences. Introduction: The polymerase chain reaction is a method which is used to make multiple copies of a specific DNA segment. By using PCR, one can produce thousands to millions of copies of that particular DNA segment. It exponentially amplified the given sequence.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 15P

Summary Introduction

a.

To determine:

The two people that have diploid genotypes from which one can identify three different haploid sequences.

Introduction:

The polymerase chain reaction is a method which is used to make multiple copies of a specific DNA segment. By using PCR, one can produce thousands to millions of copies of that particular DNA segment. It exponentially amplified the given sequence.

Summary Introduction

b.

To determine:

The genotype of a person whose somatic genomic DNA was amplified by PCR which does not contain any of the given sequences along with its justification.

Introduction:

There are two types of cells present in all living organisms. These are somatic cells and germ cells. The germ cells are the reproductive cells which produce sperms and egg cells. All the other cells in the body are somatic cells.

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Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was invented by Kary Mullis in 1983. This technique had indeed facilitated research in various areas of molecular biology and genetics. You would like to amplify a particular gene fragment from the yeast genome using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). What are the THREE (3) main cycles in PCR? Discuss the processes at each PCR cycle mentioned.

Below is the DNA sequence (coding strand) for the human placental protein 14 (not all of the gene sequence is displayed. The coding region of the gene (ATG to stop codon) is in BOLD. 5’CATCCTCCCATGGAC…TTCTAGCTCACCTC 3’ What is the BEST forward primer to amplify the entirety of the coding region by PCR? Choice 1 of 4: 5' GTAGGA 3' Choice 2 of 4: 5' AGGATG 3' Choice 3 of 4: 5' TCCTAC 3' Choice 4 of 4: 5' CATCCT 3' What is the BEST reverse primer to amplify the entirety of the coding region by PCR? Choice 1 of 4: 5' TCCACT 3' Choice 2 of 4: 5' AGTGGA 3' Choice 3 of 4: 5' TCACCT 3' Choice 4 of 4: 5' AGGTGA 3'

Primers can sometimes bind and target the wrong gene, especially if the primers are allowed to bind to the DNA strands at a low temperature. PCR also preferentially amplify short segments of DNA. Would it be important to actually run the cDNA after the PCR on a DNA gel in order to check for a PCR product of the predicted size for the insulin gene? Why or why not? How many more genes in the plasmid (besides the insulin cDNA insert) are need to determine which bacterial cells have been transformed and to determine which transformed bacterial cells have a plasmid with the cDNA insulin insert? What is needed in the plasmid with the cDNA insert besides the gene for insulin to actually cause the bacteria to express the insulin gene and produce the insulin protein?

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 15P

Summary Introduction

a.

To determine:

The two people that have diploid genotypes from which one can identify three different haploid sequences.

Introduction:

The polymerase chain reaction is a method which is used to make multiple copies of a specific DNA segment. By using PCR, one can produce thousands to millions of copies of that particular DNA segment. It exponentially amplified the given sequence.

Summary Introduction

b.

To determine:

The genotype of a person whose somatic genomic DNA was amplified by PCR which does not contain any of the given sequences along with its justification.

Introduction:

There are two types of cells present in all living organisms. These are somatic cells and germ cells. The germ cells are the reproductive cells which produce sperms and egg cells. All the other cells in the body are somatic cells.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 15P

Summary Introduction

a.

To determine:

The two people that have diploid genotypes from which one can identify three different haploid sequences.

Introduction:

The polymerase chain reaction is a method which is used to make multiple copies of a specific DNA segment. By using PCR, one can produce thousands to millions of copies of that particular DNA segment. It exponentially amplified the given sequence.

Summary Introduction

b.

To determine:

The genotype of a person whose somatic genomic DNA was amplified by PCR which does not contain any of the given sequences along with its justification.

Introduction:

There are two types of cells present in all living organisms. These are somatic cells and germ cells. The germ cells are the reproductive cells which produce sperms and egg cells. All the other cells in the body are somatic cells.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 15P

Summary Introduction

a.

To determine:

The two people that have diploid genotypes from which one can identify three different haploid sequences.

Introduction:

The polymerase chain reaction is a method which is used to make multiple copies of a specific DNA segment. By using PCR, one can produce thousands to millions of copies of that particular DNA segment. It exponentially amplified the given sequence.

Summary Introduction

b.

To determine:

The genotype of a person whose somatic genomic DNA was amplified by PCR which does not contain any of the given sequences along with its justification.

Introduction:

There are two types of cells present in all living organisms. These are somatic cells and germ cells. The germ cells are the reproductive cells which produce sperms and egg cells. All the other cells in the body are somatic cells.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 5

Chapter 11, Problem 15P

Summary Introduction

a.

To determine:

The two people that have diploid genotypes from which one can identify three different haploid sequences.

Introduction:

The polymerase chain reaction is a method which is used to make multiple copies of a specific DNA segment. By using PCR, one can produce thousands to millions of copies of that particular DNA segment. It exponentially amplified the given sequence.

Summary Introduction

b.

To determine:

The genotype of a person whose somatic genomic DNA was amplified by PCR which does not contain any of the given sequences along with its justification.

Introduction:

There are two types of cells present in all living organisms. These are somatic cells and germ cells. The germ cells are the reproductive cells which produce sperms and egg cells. All the other cells in the body are somatic cells.

Answer 6

Chapter 11, Problem 15P

Summary Introduction

a.

To determine:

The two people that have diploid genotypes from which one can identify three different haploid sequences.

Introduction:

The polymerase chain reaction is a method which is used to make multiple copies of a specific DNA segment. By using PCR, one can produce thousands to millions of copies of that particular DNA segment. It exponentially amplified the given sequence.

Answer 7

Chapter 11, Problem 15P

Summary Introduction

a.

To determine:

The two people that have diploid genotypes from which one can identify three different haploid sequences.

Introduction:

The polymerase chain reaction is a method which is used to make multiple copies of a specific DNA segment. By using PCR, one can produce thousands to millions of copies of that particular DNA segment. It exponentially amplified the given sequence.

Answer 8

Summary Introduction

b.

To determine:

The genotype of a person whose somatic genomic DNA was amplified by PCR which does not contain any of the given sequences along with its justification.

Introduction:

There are two types of cells present in all living organisms. These are somatic cells and germ cells. The germ cells are the reproductive cells which produce sperms and egg cells. All the other cells in the body are somatic cells.

Answer 9

Summary Introduction

b.

To determine:

The genotype of a person whose somatic genomic DNA was amplified by PCR which does not contain any of the given sequences along with its justification.

Introduction:

There are two types of cells present in all living organisms. These are somatic cells and germ cells. The germ cells are the reproductive cells which produce sperms and egg cells. All the other cells in the body are somatic cells.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Solution Summary: The author explains the polymerase chain reaction method used to make multiple copies of a specific DNA segment, which exponentially amplified the given sequence.

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