Chapter 11, Problem 11.13E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The line structure of 4-methyl-3-propylheptane and the correct systematic name has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Line structure:  Line structure is a simplest representation of a hydrocarbon.  In line structure, the chain of carbon atoms is shown as a zigzag line.  The end of each short line in the zigzag represents a carbon atom.  Since the carbon nearly always has a valence of four in organic compounds, it is not necessary to show the hydrogen atoms.

Alkanes:  Saturated hydrocarbons are called as alkanes.  Each atom in an alkane shows the presence of four single bonds in a tetrahedral arrangement with ${\text{sp}}^{\text{3}}$ hybridization.  The name of alkane ends with “-ane”.

Rules for naming compound:

1. 1) The carbon atoms in the longest chain have to be counted.
2. 2) The substituents have to be identified and counted.
3. 3) The backbone carbon atoms have to be numbered by assigning the lowest number from the starting end.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The line structure of 4,6-dimethyloctane and the correct systematic name has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The line structure of 2,2-dimethyl-4-propylhexane and the correct systematic name has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The line structure of 2,2-dimethyl-3-ethylhexane and the correct systematic name has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).