Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134605197
Author: Dee Unglaub Silverthorn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 8, Problem 29RQ
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Neuron is the structural and functional unit of the nervous system. Neurons can be hyperpolarized or depolarized on the movement of different ions inside and outside the cell. Neurons’ electrical conductivity changes by the inward and outward movement of ions.
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The blood vessel (marked by the white arrow) in this model
Choose from the following:
(A) is sensitive to levels of sodium ions in the plasma
(B) is lined with endothelial cells known as 'granular cells' which release renin
(C) demonstrates smooth muscle cells in its tunica media which release a hormone known as 'renin'
(D) constricts in diameter in response to activation of sympathetic innervation
Please answer
3) Which of the following keeps the impulse traveling in one direction down the axon?
a) inactivation of voltage-gated Na+ channels
b) the nodes of Ranvier
c) the magnitude of the action potential (+30 mV)
d) the myelin sheath
which of the following would be true (more than one can be true)?
a) summation of A and X would reach threshold b) summation of C and A would be a graded potential
c) stimulation by A would depolarize cell d) stimulation by B would be a subthreshold depolarization
e) summation of B and C would be a graded potential with the net value of 12 mV depolarization
Chapter 8 Solutions
Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
Ch. 8.1 - Organize the following terms describing functional...Ch. 8.2 - Where do neurohormone-secreting neurons terminate?Ch. 8.2 - What is the difference between a nerve and a...Ch. 8.2 - Draw a chain of three neurons that synapse on one...Ch. 8.2 - What is the primary function of each of the...Ch. 8.2 - Name the two glial cell types that form myelin....Ch. 8.3 - Given the values in Table 8.2, use the Nernst...Ch. 8.3 - Would a cell with a resting membrane potential of...Ch. 8.3 - Would the cell membrane depolarize or...Ch. 8.3 - Match each ions movement with the type of graded...
Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 11CCCh. 8.3 - What is the difference between conductance and...Ch. 8.3 - If you put ouabain, an inhibitor of the Na+-K+...Ch. 8.3 - The pyrethrin insecticides, derived from...Ch. 8.3 - When Na+ channel gates are resetting, is the...Ch. 8.3 - A stimulating electrode placed halfway down an...Ch. 8.3 - Place the following neurons in order of their...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 18CCCh. 8.4 - Prob. 19CCCh. 8.4 - Prob. 20CCCh. 8.4 - Prob. 21CCCh. 8.4 - Prob. 22CCCh. 8.4 - Classify the H+-neurotransmitter exchange as...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 24CCCh. 8.4 - Prob. 25CCCh. 8.4 - Is Na+-dependent neurotransmitter reuptake...Ch. 8.5 - In Figure 8.24e, assume the postsynaptic neuron...Ch. 8.5 - In the graphs of Figure 8.24a, b, why doesnt the...Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 29CCCh. 8.5 - Prob. 30CCCh. 8 - List the three functional classes of neurons, and...Ch. 8 - Somatic motor neurons control __________, and...Ch. 8 - Prob. 3RQCh. 8 - Prob. 4RQCh. 8 - Prob. 5RQCh. 8 - Prob. 6RQCh. 8 - Axonal transport refers to the (a) release of...Ch. 8 - Match the numbers of the appropriate...Ch. 8 - Arrange the following events in the proper...Ch. 8 - List the four major types of ion channels found in...Ch. 8 - Prob. 11RQCh. 8 - An action potential is (circle all correct...Ch. 8 - Choose from the following ions to fill in the...Ch. 8 - What is the myelin sheath?Ch. 8 - List two factors that enhance conduction speed.Ch. 8 - Prob. 16RQCh. 8 - Draw and label a graph of an action potential....Ch. 8 - Prob. 18RQCh. 8 - Prob. 19RQCh. 8 - Create a map showing the organization of the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 21RQCh. 8 - Prob. 22RQCh. 8 - Prob. 23RQCh. 8 - Prob. 24RQCh. 8 - The presence of myelin allows an axon to (choose...Ch. 8 - Define, compare, and contrast the following...Ch. 8 - Prob. 27RQCh. 8 - Prob. 28RQCh. 8 - Prob. 29RQCh. 8 - Prob. 30RQCh. 8 - An unmyelinated axon has a much greater...Ch. 8 - The GHK equation is sometimes abbreviated to...Ch. 8 - In each of the following scenarios, will an action...
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- Discuss the concept of termination of neurotransmitter action by comparing the mechanisms by which acetylcholine and nitric oxide's actions are terminated. (a) Name the three primary mediators of purinergic receptors. (b) Which one of these mediators is sometimes used to treat supraventricular tachycardia? (c) Explain why the drug in (b) is considered safer than verapamil in the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia?arrow_forwardThe membrane potential labeled (0) is due to which of the following (when compared to (3) potential. (A) voltage-gated Na+ channels (B) voltage-gated K+ channels (C) voltage-gated slow Ca++ channels (D) voltage-gated fast Ca++ channels (E) voltage-gated transient Ca++ channels (F) funny channelsarrow_forwardThe all-or-none principle, associated with the action potential, states that once membrane potential reaches......... magnitude an action potential will be generated and will be the samearrow_forward
- Which of the following occurs first when voltage reaches the threshold level in a neuron plasma membrane? (a) voltageactivated Na1 channels open (b) K1 channels open (c) the membrane hyperpolarizes (d) neurotransmitter is released (e) K1 channels closearrow_forwardRead the following statements (a) The resting nerve membrane is freely permeable to Na*, K* ions and negatively charged proteins. (b) The activity of Na* - K* pump is responsible for maintaining resting membrane potential. (c) The resting membrane is impermeable to negatively charged proteins present in the axoplasm. Choose the option representing correct statements. b only a and b b and c a, b and carrow_forwardWhich of the following homeostatic control systems anticipate fluctuations in a variable and speed up the response even before it is altered? (a) reflex arc (b) negative feedback (c) feedforward mechanisms (d)positive feedback (e) afferent pathwayarrow_forward
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- B BE -70 Membrane potential (mv) +35 A) A. B) B. C) C. D) D. E) E. C) D) D. C. D 2 Figure 37.1 30) In Figure 37.1, the period in which voltage-gated potassium channels are open and hyperpolarization has yet to occur is at label 3 A) A B) B C) C D) D Time (milliseconds) 31) In Figure 37.1, the membrane's permeability to sodium ions is at its maximum at label A) A. B) B. 4 32) In Figure 37.1, at what point in the graph are sodium channels closed (or closing) and potassiu channels opened? 33) In Figure 37.1, the neuronal membrane is at its resting potential at label A) A. B) B. C) C. D) D. E) Earrow_forwardThe neuromuscular junction is similar to synapses in the central nervous system in that: (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY) a.) A wave of depolarization in the presynaptic terminal opens voltage gated Ca++ channels b.) Calcium entry through voltage-gated channels in the presynaptic terminal is necessary for the release of neurotransmitter c.) The neurotransmitter released from the pre-synaptic terminal binds to specific receptors on the post-synaptic side d.) The release at the neuromuscular junction of acetylcholine results in just a fraction of a mV depolarization on the post-synaptic membrane which is similar to what is seen at synapses in the central nervous system.arrow_forward5) All of the following are parts of a biological control or reflex loop except ........... a) control center b) effector c) variables d) receptorarrow_forward
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