Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134605197
Author: Dee Unglaub Silverthorn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 8, Problem 22RQ
Summary Introduction
To match: The event in the left box with the resting potential that causes those events.
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A) When the voltage gated K+ channels open K+ moves down its concentration
gradient from the ECF to inside the cell.
O B) The value for resting membrane potential is closer to the EK+ (Equilibrium
potential for K+) than the ENa+
O C) When the membrane potential is at rest the membrane is more permeable to
Na+ than it is to K+
O D) Closing of the voltage-gated Na+ channels increases the permeability of the
membrane to Na+
If a cell with the following ion concentrations had a resting membrane potential of -40mV which of the following can you conclude?
Extracellular: Cl- = 110 mM, Na+ = 145 mM, K+ = 5mM.
Intracellular Cl- = 20 mM, Na+ = 10 mM, K+ = 140mM
a) At rest it is only permeable to potassium
b) At rest it has some permeability to more than one of these ions
c) At rest it is only permeable to chloride
d) Rest it is not permeable to sodium
Separately, draw a table using arrows to depict the appropriate magnitude and direction of the forces and ion fluxes at different membrane potentials for a ligand-gated channel that is equally permeable to both ion X+ and ion Y+. The equilibrium potential for ion X+ is -60 mV, and the equilibrium potential for ion Y+ is -20 mV. Which item best represents the forces and fluxes for a membrane potential of -40 mV (a, b, c, or d)? Upwards arrows means outward direction and downwards arrow means inward direction. The length of the arrow determines the magnitude.
Chapter 8 Solutions
Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
Ch. 8.1 - Organize the following terms describing functional...Ch. 8.2 - Where do neurohormone-secreting neurons terminate?Ch. 8.2 - What is the difference between a nerve and a...Ch. 8.2 - Draw a chain of three neurons that synapse on one...Ch. 8.2 - What is the primary function of each of the...Ch. 8.2 - Name the two glial cell types that form myelin....Ch. 8.3 - Given the values in Table 8.2, use the Nernst...Ch. 8.3 - Would a cell with a resting membrane potential of...Ch. 8.3 - Would the cell membrane depolarize or...Ch. 8.3 - Match each ions movement with the type of graded...
Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 11CCCh. 8.3 - What is the difference between conductance and...Ch. 8.3 - If you put ouabain, an inhibitor of the Na+-K+...Ch. 8.3 - The pyrethrin insecticides, derived from...Ch. 8.3 - When Na+ channel gates are resetting, is the...Ch. 8.3 - A stimulating electrode placed halfway down an...Ch. 8.3 - Place the following neurons in order of their...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 18CCCh. 8.4 - Prob. 19CCCh. 8.4 - Prob. 20CCCh. 8.4 - Prob. 21CCCh. 8.4 - Prob. 22CCCh. 8.4 - Classify the H+-neurotransmitter exchange as...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 24CCCh. 8.4 - Prob. 25CCCh. 8.4 - Is Na+-dependent neurotransmitter reuptake...Ch. 8.5 - In Figure 8.24e, assume the postsynaptic neuron...Ch. 8.5 - In the graphs of Figure 8.24a, b, why doesnt the...Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 29CCCh. 8.5 - Prob. 30CCCh. 8 - List the three functional classes of neurons, and...Ch. 8 - Somatic motor neurons control __________, and...Ch. 8 - Prob. 3RQCh. 8 - Prob. 4RQCh. 8 - Prob. 5RQCh. 8 - Prob. 6RQCh. 8 - Axonal transport refers to the (a) release of...Ch. 8 - Match the numbers of the appropriate...Ch. 8 - Arrange the following events in the proper...Ch. 8 - List the four major types of ion channels found in...Ch. 8 - Prob. 11RQCh. 8 - An action potential is (circle all correct...Ch. 8 - Choose from the following ions to fill in the...Ch. 8 - What is the myelin sheath?Ch. 8 - List two factors that enhance conduction speed.Ch. 8 - Prob. 16RQCh. 8 - Draw and label a graph of an action potential....Ch. 8 - Prob. 18RQCh. 8 - Prob. 19RQCh. 8 - Create a map showing the organization of the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 21RQCh. 8 - Prob. 22RQCh. 8 - Prob. 23RQCh. 8 - Prob. 24RQCh. 8 - The presence of myelin allows an axon to (choose...Ch. 8 - Define, compare, and contrast the following...Ch. 8 - Prob. 27RQCh. 8 - Prob. 28RQCh. 8 - Prob. 29RQCh. 8 - Prob. 30RQCh. 8 - An unmyelinated axon has a much greater...Ch. 8 - The GHK equation is sometimes abbreviated to...Ch. 8 - In each of the following scenarios, will an action...
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- Conformational changes in channel proteins brought about by voltage changes are responsible for opening and closing Na+ and K+ gates during the generation of an action potential. (True or false?)arrow_forwardSeparately, draw a table using arrows to depict the appropriate magnitude and direction of the forces and ion fluxes at different membrane potentials for a ligand-gated channel that is equally permeable to both ion X+ and ion Y+. The equilibrium potential for ion X+ is -60 mV, and the equilibrium potential for ion Y+ is -20 mV. Which item (a, b, c, or d) best represents the forces and fluxes for a membrane potential of +20 mV? Upwards arrows means outward direction and downwards arrow means inward direction. The length of the arrow determines the magnitude.arrow_forwardThe resting membrane potential…A) Can be approximated using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation.B) Represents a difference in charges across the cell membrane, resulting mostly from the passive flow of Na+ions.C) Has no influence on the driving force that acts on different ions across the cell membrane.D) Is equally dependent on the concentration gradients of potassium and sodium across the cell membrane.E) Becomes hyperpolarized during an excitatory graded potential.arrow_forward
- Calculate the equilibrium membrane potentials to be expected across a membrane at 37 °C, with a NaCl concentration of 0.10 M on the “right side” and 0.01 M on the “left side”, given the following conditions. In each case, state which side is (+) and which is (-). (a) Membrane permeable only to Na+ (b) Membrane permeable only to Cl– (c) Membrane equally permeable to both ionsarrow_forwardSeparately, draw a table using arrows to depict the appropriate magnitude and direction of the forces and ion fluxes at different membrane potentials for a ligand-gated channel that is equally permeable to both ion X+ and ion Y+. The equilibrium potential for ion X+ is -60 mV, and the equilibrium potential for ion Y+ is -20 mV. Which item best represents the forces and fluxes for a membrane potential of 0 mV?arrow_forwardThe resting membrane potential…A) Can be approximated using the Nernst equation.B) Is established by a difference in charges across the cell membrane, with the inside more positive than the outside.C) Has no influence on the driving force for flow of a particular ion across the cell membrane.D) Is more dependent on the passive flow of potassium vs. sodium ions through leak channels across the cell membrane.E) Stays the same during an action potential.arrow_forward
- Assume that in a neuron, the plasma membrane permeability values for potassium (K+), sodium (Na+), and Cl− are the following: PK = 1, PNa = 12, and PCl = 0.5. Based on physiological concentrations of K+, Na+, and Cl− (refer to the table), determine the membrane potential in this neuron.arrow_forwardWhat is the equilibrium membrane potential due to Na+ ions if the extracellular concentration of Na+ ions is 154 mM and the intracellular concentration of Na+ ions is 23 mM at 20 ∘C ?arrow_forwardSeparately, draw a table using arrows to depict the appropriate magnitude and direction of the forces and ion fluxes at different membrane potentials for a ligand-gated channel that is equally permeable to both ion X+ and ion Y+. The equilibrium potential for ion X+ is -60 mV, and the equilibrium potential for ion Y+ is -20 mV. Which item best represents the forces and fluxes for a membrane potential of -60 mV? Pick one of the four tables in the included image please for your answer.arrow_forward
- Match each type of membrane potential (resting, threshold, graded, or action) to its definition: a) The membrane potential at which voltage gated sodium channels open. b) The membrane potential that triggers the action potential. c) Change in membrane potential that may or may not reach threshold and that may be depolarizing or hyperpolarizing. d) Rapid, strong depolarization followed by immediate repolarization. This potential is self-renewing if the right ion channels are nearby.arrow_forwardIntracellular potentials are on the order of -100mV, whereas extracellular potentials are OmV. Assuming these values, answer the following questions. (a) What is the electric potential energy of a chloride ion (CI-) inside a cell? (b) What about outside the cell? (c) What is the probability of finding a Cl- inside the cell relative to finding it outside the cell? Assume that T=310K. P(inside) P(outside) (d) If the concentration of Cl- outside the cell is 100mM, what is the expected concentration inside the cell?arrow_forwardPlease answer both 1) What is responsible for returning the cell to its normal resting membrane potential following the absolute refractory period? a) K+ leak channels b) the Na+/K+ pump c) activation of voltage-gated Na+ channels d) a ligand binding to a ligand-gated Na+ channel 2) What property of an action potential allows it to propagate? a) the rapid period of depolarization b) the rapid period of repolarization c) the brief period of hyperpolarization d) the fact that the peak is 85 mV above thresholdarrow_forward
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