Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134605197
Author: Dee Unglaub Silverthorn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 8, Problem 6RQ
Summary Introduction
To sketch: A neuron cell and label it with the given terms.
Introduction: Neuron is the basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system. Neurons can be hyperpolarized or depolarize on the movement of different ions inside and outside of the cell. The change in electrical potential of neuron helps in the transformation of information from one body part to another.
Summary Introduction
To sketch: The other given terms in the neuron cell.
Introduction: The neuron is also known as a nerve cell. Neuron helps in communication with other cells with the help of synapse. Synapse is the junction between two consecutive neurons.
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View an electron micrograph of a cross-section of a myelinated nerve fiber image below. The axon contains microtubules and neurofilaments, bounded by a plasma membrane known as the axolemma. Outside the plasma membrane of the axon is the myelin sheath, which is composed of the tightly wrapped plasma membrane of a Schwann cell. What aspects of the cells in this image react with the stain that makes them the deep, dark, black color, such as the multiple layers that are the myelin sheath?
Reorder the following parts of a multipolar neuron in the correct order (1–8) of receiving and sending the nerve impulse. Start with the dendrites as number 1. ____ 1. axon ____ 2. axon hillock ____ 3. axon terminal ____ 4. cell body ____ 5. dendrites ____ 6. second neuron or effector ____ 7. synapse ____ 8. trigger zone
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Chapter 8 Solutions
Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
Ch. 8.1 - Organize the following terms describing functional...Ch. 8.2 - Where do neurohormone-secreting neurons terminate?Ch. 8.2 - What is the difference between a nerve and a...Ch. 8.2 - Draw a chain of three neurons that synapse on one...Ch. 8.2 - What is the primary function of each of the...Ch. 8.2 - Name the two glial cell types that form myelin....Ch. 8.3 - Given the values in Table 8.2, use the Nernst...Ch. 8.3 - Would a cell with a resting membrane potential of...Ch. 8.3 - Would the cell membrane depolarize or...Ch. 8.3 - Match each ions movement with the type of graded...
Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 11CCCh. 8.3 - What is the difference between conductance and...Ch. 8.3 - If you put ouabain, an inhibitor of the Na+-K+...Ch. 8.3 - The pyrethrin insecticides, derived from...Ch. 8.3 - When Na+ channel gates are resetting, is the...Ch. 8.3 - A stimulating electrode placed halfway down an...Ch. 8.3 - Place the following neurons in order of their...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 18CCCh. 8.4 - Prob. 19CCCh. 8.4 - Prob. 20CCCh. 8.4 - Prob. 21CCCh. 8.4 - Prob. 22CCCh. 8.4 - Classify the H+-neurotransmitter exchange as...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 24CCCh. 8.4 - Prob. 25CCCh. 8.4 - Is Na+-dependent neurotransmitter reuptake...Ch. 8.5 - In Figure 8.24e, assume the postsynaptic neuron...Ch. 8.5 - In the graphs of Figure 8.24a, b, why doesnt the...Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 29CCCh. 8.5 - Prob. 30CCCh. 8 - List the three functional classes of neurons, and...Ch. 8 - Somatic motor neurons control __________, and...Ch. 8 - Prob. 3RQCh. 8 - Prob. 4RQCh. 8 - Prob. 5RQCh. 8 - Prob. 6RQCh. 8 - Axonal transport refers to the (a) release of...Ch. 8 - Match the numbers of the appropriate...Ch. 8 - Arrange the following events in the proper...Ch. 8 - List the four major types of ion channels found in...Ch. 8 - Prob. 11RQCh. 8 - An action potential is (circle all correct...Ch. 8 - Choose from the following ions to fill in the...Ch. 8 - What is the myelin sheath?Ch. 8 - List two factors that enhance conduction speed.Ch. 8 - Prob. 16RQCh. 8 - Draw and label a graph of an action potential....Ch. 8 - Prob. 18RQCh. 8 - Prob. 19RQCh. 8 - Create a map showing the organization of the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 21RQCh. 8 - Prob. 22RQCh. 8 - Prob. 23RQCh. 8 - Prob. 24RQCh. 8 - The presence of myelin allows an axon to (choose...Ch. 8 - Define, compare, and contrast the following...Ch. 8 - Prob. 27RQCh. 8 - Prob. 28RQCh. 8 - Prob. 29RQCh. 8 - Prob. 30RQCh. 8 - An unmyelinated axon has a much greater...Ch. 8 - The GHK equation is sometimes abbreviated to...Ch. 8 - In each of the following scenarios, will an action...
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- Name the circled part of the neuron.arrow_forward[Na*] [K*] This diagram is a drawing of normal conditions that occur in a neuron's axon (not all details are included). This stage that a living neuron would be in, would show that O no positive ions are inside the cell current is traveling down the axon O the cell will be at rest once the Na ions enter the cell O the cell is at rest O Na ions are predominantly outside the cellarrow_forwardConsider the following three diagrams of a nerve cell membrane. They show resting potential, depolarization, and hyperpolarization. Figure out which one is which, then draw them in the order they occur in a cell that undergoes an action potential outside + Na* inside K* Na* Nat K Nat K Na potential: -80 mV outside + Na K* Na* inside Na+ K Nat Na* K+ potential: +30 mV outside Na Na Na Na* K+ inside K* Na* Kt potential: -70 mVarrow_forward
- Describe the normal anatomy (structure) and physiology (function) of a neuron, its supporting structures and the propagation of an action potential. 250 words maximum.arrow_forwardA 42-year-old woman consults a dermatologist to evaluate and treat her glabellar lines (frown lines on the forehead just above the nose). After her treatment options are explained, the patient asks the dermatologist to administer Botox (botulinum type A). Botox injections smooth out glabel- lar lines by which of the following methods? a. Blocking the release of synaptic transmitter from a-motoneurons b. Preventing the opening of sodium channels on muscle membranes c. Decreasing the amount of calcium released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum d. Increasing the flow of blood into the facial muscle e. Enhancing the enzymatic hydrolysis of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junctionarrow_forwardWhich of the following best describes label 8? Axon terminal Dendrite Neuroglia Target cell Synaptic cleftarrow_forward
- Match the neuron structure with its correct function or description. 1. Structure that receives stimuli and carries impulses to the cell body Grey matter 2. Part of the neuron that releases a chemical transmitter across the synapse + Myelin sheath 3. Cells that protect, nourish, and defend neurons + White matter 4. Structure that contains the neuron's nucleus and is the site of the neuron's cell metabolism : Synapse 5. The gap between two myelin sheaths that allows faster conduction of action potential 6. Lipid, fatty insulating layer around some axons that protects the neurons and speeds the impulses along the neuron + Dendrite 7. Unmyelinated neurons in the CNS + Axon 8. Structure that transmits impulses away from the cell body to another neuron, the muscles, or glands Axon terminal 9. Myelinated neurons in the CNS Cell body 10. The gap or junction between two neurons or between a neuron and a muscle Node of Ranvier * Glial cellarrow_forwardDraw a chain of two neurons that synapse on one another in sequence. Label the presynaptic and postsynaptic ends of each neuron, the cell bodies, dendrites, axons, axon hillock and axon terminals, location of voltage gated Ca²+ channels, location of voltage gated Na+ channels, location of voltage gated K* channels, location of Na*/ K+ pumps, location of neurotransmitter storage, location of neurotransmitter receptors. Consider your drawing and describe the function of neurons. Include an explanation why neurons are considered polarized cells and how this relates to their function. (Polarized here is not referring to membrane potential as all cells have a membrane potential). This means you will need to explain the location of different channels in the neuron and the relationship of the channels to the function of a neuron.arrow_forwardA F B C- D Match the labelled synapse structure with the correct structure or function. Place the correct number in each blank. Use each letter only once. Synaptic vesicle containing the neurotransmitters Postsynaptic membrane of the dendrite Synaptic cleft Receptor site for the neurotransmitter on the dendrite Axon terminal Mitochondria, which supply ATP for synthesis of transmittersarrow_forward
- With the help of figure 12.6 on page 395 and the definitions below, label the following diagram of a typical neuron. axon - the long extension of a neuron that carries nerve impulses away from myelin sheath - the fatty substance that surrounds and the body of the cell. axon terminals - the hair-like ends of node of Ranvier - one of the many gaps in the myelin the axon cell body - the cell body of the neuron; it contains the nucleus and other cell organelles dendrites - the branching structure of Schwann's cells - cells that produce myelin - they are a neuron that receives messages |(attached to the cell body) 1. protects some nerve fibers sheath – impulses jump from node to node resulting in faster transmission nucleus - the organelle in the cell body of the neuron that contains the genetic material of the cell located within the myelin sheath. ©EnchantedLearning.com Place an arrow along the diagram to indicate the direction that impulses travel long the neuron. 2.arrow_forwardName the Label structures in the following diagram of a neuron.!arrow_forwardDraw and identify specific structures of a neuron. Neurons: dendrites, cell body, axon Neuroglia Sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron Axon with myelinarrow_forward
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