Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393615098
Author: John W. Foster, Joan L. Slonczewski
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 7.6, Problem 3TQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The methods used for preventing amplification of wrong DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) during PCR (polymerase chain reaction) technique.
Introduction:
A method that is widely used in the field of molecular biology to synthesize several copies of a determined DNA segment is known as polymerase chain reaction. Millions of copies can be generated from a DNA sample in a short period of time. This technique was given by Kary Mulis in 1983.
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PCR technique is based on DNA transcription.
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False
Brenda is a junior student in the biomedical program at her school. She is starting the PCR genetic testing lab activity. She is about to obtain her DNA sample but doesn’t want like the taste of NaCl solution. Her friend, Mark, let her use some of his DNA. What laboratory tule did the students break?
A. Obtaining and handling DNA sample without wearing googles or gloves
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C. Violating Patient Confidentiality
D. Disposing of bio hazardous material in a regular trash
State the five basic steps of DNA fingerprinting using the RFLP method. Why do you think the PCR method is of more use in crime scene investigations?
Chapter 7 Solutions
Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 1TQCh. 7.2 - Prob. 2TQCh. 7.2 - Prob. 3TQCh. 7.2 - Prob. 4TQCh. 7.3 - Prob. 1TQCh. 7.3 - Prob. 2TQCh. 7.3 - Prob. 3TQCh. 7.3 - Prob. 4TQCh. 7.3 - Prob. 5TQCh. 7.6 - Prob. 1TQ
Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 2TQCh. 7.6 - Prob. 3TQCh. 7 - Prob. 1RQCh. 7 - Prob. 2RQCh. 7 - Prob. 3RQCh. 7 - Prob. 4RQCh. 7 - Prob. 5RQCh. 7 - Prob. 6RQCh. 7 - Prob. 7RQCh. 7 - Prob. 8RQCh. 7 - Prob. 9RQCh. 7 - Prob. 10RQCh. 7 - Prob. 11RQCh. 7 - Prob. 12RQCh. 7 - Prob. 13RQCh. 7 - Prob. 14RQCh. 7 - Prob. 15RQCh. 7 - Prob. 1TQCh. 7 - Prob. 2TQCh. 7 - Prob. 3TQ
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- What is PCR? why is it important for the manufacture of drugs? How is it used in forensic science?arrow_forwardRestriction enzymes bind to specific sequences of DNA to seal them together. True Falsearrow_forwardCan you please check my answer and make sure it is correct. Question: Describe the two roles primers play in PCR. Answer: Primers are short sequences of single stranded DNA that mark both the ends of the target sequence to be amplified during PCR. One primer attaches to the top strand at one end (forward primer) and the other one attaches to the bottom strand at the other end of the segment (reverse primer). They are made specifically to attach to these sections of DNA because the nucleotides of the primers are complementary to the target sequence. Other than marking the starting and end points for PCR, primers are also necessary for the process because without them, DNA polymerase wouldn’t be able to synthesize the complementary strand of DNA because it can only add nucleotides to an existing piece.arrow_forward
- How could personal DNA testing be beneficial to medicine?arrow_forward1 2 Today's technology has made it easier to quickly and accurately generate DNA profiles. In this part of the activity, you will model the process yourself to solve a crime. Good luck, detective! Crime Report: A thief has stolen a priceless collection of jewels from the Museum of Precious Jewels. Forensic technicians obtained skin cells from a forehead print left on the glass enclosure of the jewel exhibit. DNA has been isolated and PCR amplified for some of the standard STR loci. A partial genetic profile generated from the collected DNA is shown in Figure 5. 10 50 DNA Profile from Forehead Print Number of base pairs 00 50 40 D58818 075830 I 16 MU DES1179 Shandand (10) 70 CSF1PO DITS820 80 100 Figure 5. The DNA profile of the forehead print from the scene of the crime. Each colored line shows the alleles for one of four of the core CODIS STR loci (D5S818, CSF1PO, D7S820, D8S1179). and data for the four STR loci that were included in the A suspect was identified in the case. Her DNA…arrow_forwardWhich of the following ARE part of a typical PCR reaction mixture? DNA ligase dNTPs (mix of nucleoside tri-phosphates) RNA primers made by primase enzyme template DNA, often from cells collected from hair, cheek swab, or blood 2 DNA primers polymerase enzymearrow_forward
- The idea behind PCR-based diagnostics is that a very small number of microbial genomes in a patient sample can be multiplied by PCR and more easily detected by the clinical team managing the patient’s care. Also, genetic-based diagnostics are very useful for viral infections because we don’t have biochemical tests, etc. to distinguish one virus from another (remember, viruses are metabolically inactive). However, a lot of work goes into the development of these tests. For instance, PCR requires primers that are complementary to the viral genome that is being copied. If primers are complementary to the target genome, what must scientists know to design primers that bind to the viral genome to be copied? (I mean this to be a general question; don’t look up the details of designing primers)arrow_forwardDNA EXTRACTION Materials: knife 1 cup of fruit Table salt clean piece of cloth or strainer for filtering resealable bag dishwashing liquid 70% rubbing alcohol (chilled) shot glass (or any transparent and narrow container resembling a test tube) How to do the extraction: Before you begin, make sure you have chilled your alcohol in the freezer for at least 3 hours. Room temperature alcohol will not work nearly as well as cold alcohol. Place about 50 mL of alcohol in the freezer to chill it and take it out only when you’re going to need it. (The alcohol will not actually freeze.) 1. The first thing you will need is a sample. Since DNA is found in all living…arrow_forward1. You are working as a CSI analyst. You collected DNA at a crime scene that is from the suspect but do not have enough to run a test to determine who the suspect is. Please discuss what you would do to attain more of the DNA and how to test the DNA to determine who the suspect is.2. Please discuss how the bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens normally functions. Please also discuss how this bacterium can be used to help plants attain genes to help fight off insects and herbicides.arrow_forward
- Each PCR cycle has three steps: DNA sample denaturation, primer annealing, and elongation/extension of the target DNA. Each cycle can theoretically double the original amount of DNA if the efficiency is 100%. True Falsearrow_forwardThe sample furthest to the left contains the DNA size standards. What is the purpose of this sample? * Negative End + #4 Positive Endarrow_forwardDNA fingerprinting uses a process called gel electrophoresis to separate the fragments of DNA. Once the DNA fragments are sorted, the pattern of bands can be analyzed. Gel Electrophoresis Procedure The smaller DNA fragments start to move away from the wells and the larger DNA fragments remain closer to the wells. An electric current is passed through the gel. DNA fragments are treated with a dye. A restriction endonuclease is added to the DNA. Using micropipettes, the DNA samples are added to the wells. DNA fingerprint is produced. DNA fragments are produced. The order in which a DNA fingerprint is produced using gel electrophoresis is Answer, Answer, Answer, Answer, Answer, Answer, and Answer.arrow_forward
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