Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393615098
Author: John W. Foster, Joan L. Slonczewski
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 7.6, Problem 1TQ
Summary Introduction

To review:

The movement of a relaxed and supercoiled plasmid in the agarose gel.

Introduction:

A gel-like polysaccharide substance which is extracted from the red seaweed is known as agarose. A method of gel electrophoresis which is used to separate the mixed population of the macromolecules such as DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or proteins is known as agarose gel electrophoresis.

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The competency of bacterial cells to take up plasmids from the environment can be enhanced by treating them with calcium chloride. Which of the following statements is true regarding this process? Question 23 options: Chloride ions neutralize charges on the phospholipids and DNA. Chloride ions adhere to the cell membrane and calcium ions to the plasmid DNA, thus increasing the attractive force between them. The calcium ions change the structure of the cell membrane and, as a result, the pores are enlarged. Calcium ions neutralize charges on the phospholipids of the bacterial cell membrane and on the DNA of the plasmid. Chloride ions enter the cell through protein pores in the membrane, carrying plasmid DNA with them.
Look at the double-stranded segment of DNA shown below. Imagine that the two strands have already been denatured, and the temperature has been decreased to an appropriate annealing temperature. Show where the two primers would anneal to the strands, then indicate the direction of extension on each new strand with an arrow.   5’--T C A G G A C G T A A G C T T G C A T A T C T C G A T G C T A A A T C A T—3’     3’--A G T C C T G C A T T C G A A C G T A T A G A G C T A C G A T T T A G T A—5’       Primer #1:  3’ A C G A T T T 5’ Primer #2:  5’ G G A C G T A 3’
You have begun your career in medicinal biochemistry and have just discovered a bacterial DNA plasmld (transferabl ring of DNA) that appears to destroy the Ebola virus. In order to characterize your new plasmid, the molar mass of the plasmid must be determined. You dissolve 25.00 mg of the purified plasmid in 0.200 mL of water at 2 °C and find the osmotlc pressure of this solution is 1.20 Torr at 20 °C and 1 atm pressure. Answer the following about the Ebola-killing plasmid. 33.) The osmotlc pressure of the system is: (a) 1 atm (b) 0.016 atm (c) 6.5 X 10-5 atm (d) 22.59 atm (e) 0.0016 atm
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