Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393615098
Author: John W. Foster, Joan L. Slonczewski
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 6.6, Problem 1TQ
Summary Introduction
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The curve in bacteriophage reproduction and cellular reproduction.
Introduction:
Bacteriophage reproduces by infecting a host cell. The lifecycle of the phage involves the steps that involve the infection process. Cellular reproduction curve is exponential as the cells increase in a geometric manner rather than linear. This is because the cells reproduce rapidly as soon as they get the nutrients and the optimum environmental conditions they need.
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Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
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- In Hershey-Chase experiment, bacteriophages protein coats were tagged with radioactive isotope S-32. These phages were used to infect E. coli cells and the cells were further centrifuged to form pellets. Why was the radioactivity level of S-32 found greater outside the cells compared to the E. coli cell pellets? Explain briefly. If the experiment is repeated in the same manner but this time the phage protein coats are labelled with isotope X and the phage DNA with isotope Y, which isotope’s radioactivity will be found in greater amounts in the E. coli cell pellets after centrifugation? Explain briefly.arrow_forwardWhy is it favorable for protozoa to replicate with schizogony versus using simple mitosis? what are the different scenarios that can occur with regards to bacterial growth within a thioglycolate tube? Explain why certain bacteria require one classification versus a different classification. A botanist has been using betaproteobacteria to grow his herb garden, because betaproteobacteria require little nutrients to grow. His garden does not grow successfully, so he comes to you for help to develop the herb garden. Which class of gram negative bacteria would you suggest and why? Why was the botanist’s original idea not going to work?arrow_forwardFrom the perspective of a bacteriophage, what is the advantage of being able to follow either a lytic or a lysogenic cycle?arrow_forward
- Describe in general terms how bacteriophage lambda regulates the switch between lytic and lysogenic cyclesarrow_forwardWhat would be the evolutionary advantage of having a period of natural “competence” in a bacterial life cycle? What would be possible disadvantages?arrow_forwardWhat is the practical implication of exponential growth in bacteria?arrow_forward
- Why are prokaryotes able to replicate so much more quickly than eukaryotes? What cellular components must be copied before a cell splits in two? Why is this difference in replication rate an important part of our vulnerability to bacterial pathogens?arrow_forwardWhat do you mean by pinocytic reproduction?arrow_forwardWhat is horizontal gene transfer? What are the three mechanisms for this to occur in bacteria? What are the components needed for the processes of transformation, conjugation, and transduction? How does each process occur? What genes are involved in each process? How do generalized and specialized transduction differ? What is the end result of each? What is recombination? What is the importance to bacteria & archaea? What are the two types of recombination? What are the details of each type? What components are needed for each type?arrow_forward
- When an E. coli donor cell duplicates a strand of plasmid DNA, and passes this DNA strand to a recipient E. coli cell, without the use of naked DNA in solution or of a viral vector, this is: an example of horizontal gene transfer by means of lysogenic bacteriophages an example of horizontal gene transfer by means of lytic bacteriophages an example of horizontal gene transfer by means of transformation an example of horizontal gene transfer by means of transduction an example of horizontal gene transfer by means of conjugationarrow_forwardWhich statement describes the difference between a lytic and lysogenic phage cycle? In a lytic cycle, new phage particles will be produced; in a lysogenic cycle, the phage DNA is passed to new cells but does not produce phage particles. In a lytic cycle, the host cell does not die; in a lysogenic cycle, the host is killed. In a lytic cycle, the phage DNA enters the host cell; in a lysogenic cycle, the phage DNA remains on the exterior of the host cell. In a lytic cycle, the phage DNA incorporates into the host genome; in a lysogenic cycle, the phage DNA does not incorporate into the host genome.arrow_forwardIf you were developing a new “broad-spectrum” antibiotic to kill a widevariety of bacteria, which cell structures and pathways would you target?Which of those targets also occur in eukaryotic cells, and why is thatimportant? How would your strategy change if you were designing a new“narrow-spectrum” antibiotic active against only a few types of bacteria?arrow_forward
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