Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259696558
Author: SMITH
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 5.7, Problem 9KCP
To determine
Write the equation for the solution to Fick’s second law for the diffusion of a gas into the surface of a solid metal crystal lattice.
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In copper, what percentage of the volume change which occurs as the specimen is heated from room temperature to its melting point is due to the increased vacancy concentration, assuming that the vacancy concentration is just below the melting point (1083 oC) is 10-4. Given: Assume that the linear thermal expansion coefficient of copper is 16.5×10-6 K-1 over the whole temperature range.
Give three examples of materials processes that rely on diffusion in solids and explain how diffusion plays a critical role for one of those processes.
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Chapter 5 Solutions
Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering
Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 1KCPCh. 5.7 - Write an equation for the number of vacancies...Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 3KCPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 4KCPCh. 5.7 - Describe the substitutional and interstitial...Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 6KCPCh. 5.7 - What factors affect the diffusion rate in solid...Ch. 5.7 - Write the equation for Ficks second law of...Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 9KCPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 10KCP
Ch. 5.7 - (a) Calculate the equilibrium concentration of...Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 12AAPCh. 5.7 - Determine the diffusion flux of zinc atoms in a...Ch. 5.7 - The diffusion flux of copper solute atoms in...Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 15AAPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 16AAPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 17AAPCh. 5.7 - A gear made of 1020 steel (0.20 wt% C) is to be...Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 19AAPCh. 5.7 - The surface of a steel gear made of 1020 steel...Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 21AAPCh. 5.7 - If boron is diffused into a thick slice of silicon...Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 23AAPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 24AAPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 25AAPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 26AAPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 27AAPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 28AAPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 29AAPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 30AAPCh. 5.7 - The diffusivity of copper atoms in the aluminum...Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 32AAPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 33SEPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 34SEPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 37SEPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 38SEPCh. 5.7 - The activation energy of nickel atoms in FCC iron...Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 40SEPCh. 5.7 - The self-diffusion of iron atoms in BCC iron is...Ch. 5.7 - Would you expect the diffusion rate of copper...Ch. 5.7 - Would you expect the diffusion rate of copper...Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 44SEPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 45SEPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 46SEPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 47SEPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 48SEPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 49SEPCh. 5.7 - Prob. 50SEP
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- Compare interstitial and vacancy atomic mechanisms for diffusion and cite two reasons why interstitial diffusion is normally more rapid than vacancy diffusion.arrow_forwardAnswer in a brief and concise essay. 1. Why does diffusion in solids important?arrow_forwardAluminum atoms are to be diffused into a silicon wafer using both predeposition and drive-in heat treatments; the background concentration of Al in this silicon material is known to be 3.5 × 101⁹ atoms/m³. The drive-in diffusion treatment is to be carried out at 1050°C for a period of 4.0 h, which gives a junction depth x; of 3.0 µm. Compute the predeposition diffusion time at 950°C if the surface concentration is maintained at a constant level of 2 x 1025 atoms/m³. For the diffusion of Al in Si, values of Qd and Do are 3.41 eV and 1.38 × 10-4 m²/s, respectively.arrow_forward
- Diffusion Mechanisms 5. (a) Compare interstitial and vacancy atomic mechanisms for diffusion. (b) Cite two reasons why interstitial diffusion is normally more rapid than vacancy diffusion.arrow_forwardPlease kindly help. I will give a like. Thank you! a. Describe the S-curve model of diffusion on how does ‘rate of adoption’ change over time? At which-point is the rate of diffusion the fastest? b. S-curve model of diffusion: (true/false) and reasoning - k = 0, the rate of diffusion is instantaneous? - fixed k ≥ 0, the carrying capacity is determined only by the ratio of a and b? - fixed k ≥ 0, the rate of diffusion is determined only by the ratio of a and b? c. The diffusion of hybrid corn in the 1940s, who or which region seems to have adopted the hybrids more quickly and why?arrow_forwardThe activation energy for the diffusion of atomic species A in metal B is 103 kJ/mol. Calculate the diffusion coefficient at 842°C, given that the value of D at 1150°C is 6.5 x 10-12 m²/s. i m²/sarrow_forward
- Consider a diffusion couple setup between pure tungsten and a tungsten alloy containing 1 at% thorium. After several minutes of exposure at 2000 C, a transition zone of 0.01 cm thickness is established. What is the flux of thorium atoms at this time if diffusion is due to (a) volume diffusion, (b) grain boundary diffusion, and (c) surface diffusion? TABLE 5-2 I The effect of the type of diffusion for thorium in tungsten and for self-diffusion in silver* Diffusion Coefficient (D) Diffusion Type Thorium in Tungsten Silver in Silver Do cm?/s Q cal/mole Do cm2/s Q cal/mole 66,400 90,000 120,000 0.47 0.068 8,900 22,750 45,700 Surface Grain boundary 0.74 0.24 Volume 1.00 0.99arrow_forwardFollowing the Siebel's equation, what is the specific heat of a material with 85% moisture content? If the same material with a mass of 15kg is placed and heated inside a room with temperature of 25 deg Celcius, a resulting 45 deg Celsius change was observed in 15 minutes time. What is the specific heat, the total amount of heat absorbed and the rate of heat absorption of the material considering a linear case scenario? ASAP Answer onlyarrow_forwardDerive the conservation of species equation in differential form starting with a cubic control volume.arrow_forward
- In precipitation hardening, after being quenched into solution, overcooling is done and then either artificial aging is done at 180-250°C or natural aging is done at room temperature, both of which occur through diffusion, where temperature and time parameters are dominant. While 180°C and 250°C provide sufficient temperature for diffusion, is it not interesting that diffusion occurs at room temperature? This is because of the thermal energy of atoms causing them to move, which may facilitate diffusion at room temperature.arrow_forwardVacancy diffusion vs interstitial diffusion (when they can happen?)arrow_forwardDISCUSSION THEORY OF DISFFUSION AND THROUGLY EXPLAIN FIVE DIFFUSION QUANTITIES.ALSO EXPLAIN THE DIFFUSION AND HEAT TRANSFER. PLEASE GIVE 2-3 PAGE DETAILED ESSAY.arrow_forward
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Introduction to Diffusion in Solids; Author: Engineering and Design Solutions;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K_1QmKJvNjc;License: Standard youtube license