In precipitation hardening, after being quenched into solution, overcooling is done and then either artificial aging is done at 180-250°C or natural aging is done at room temperature, both of which occur through diffusion, where temperature and time parameters are dominant. While 180°C and 250°C provide sufficient temperature for diffusion, is it not interesting that diffusion occurs at room temperature? This is because of the thermal energy of atoms causing them to move, which may facilitate diffusion at room temperature.

1. Consider a situation where two volumes of water, one hot, one cold, are both added to a foam cup. (a) Sketch a diagram for the cup and volumes of water, using a dashed line to separate the two volumes, and label all the components. (b) To your sketch, add a line and label it to indicate the heat flow in this system. For now, asssume the foam is a perfect insulator. (c) Write the mathematical relationship between the heat flows for the hot and cold water, hot and cold based on you diagram from parts (a) and (b). (d) Once the water is well-mixed, both volumes of water come to the same temperature Tf. Write the mathematical expressions for the temperature changes for each of the volumes of water, ATcold and AThot, assuming they started at Tcold and Thot for the cold and hot water respectively. (e) Assuming that the foam undergoes the same temperature change as the cold water (it's no longer a perfect insulator!), write a modified version of your equation from part (c) that relates the…

What is slip deformation? Why does it only occur in metal and not in ionic solids?

Hi, I would really like some help with part (a) using (i) and (ii). I have provided a screenshot with the question, thank you.