An Introduction to Thermal Physics
1st Edition
ISBN: 9780201380279
Author: Daniel V. Schroeder
Publisher: Addison Wesley
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 5.2, Problem 21P
Is heat capacity (C) extensive or intensive? What about specific heat (c)? Explain briefly.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
1. Suppose a woman does 600 J of work and -9400 J of heat transfer occurs into the environment in
the process.
(a) What is the decrease in her internal energy, assuming no change in temperature or consumption
of food? (That is, there is no other energy transfer.)
J
AE int
-10000
(b) The internal energy is stored energy due to food intake. Treating the change in internal energy as
the input energy and work done as output, what is her efficiency?
Efficiency, Eff:
%
1. Suppose a woman does 500 J of work and -9400 J of heat transfer occurs into the environment in
the process.
(a) What is the decrease in her internal energy, assuming no change in temperature or consumption
of food? (That is, there is no other energy transfer.)
ΔΕint
✓ J
(b) The internal energy is stored energy due to food intake. Treating the change in internal energy as
the input energy and work done as output, what is her efficiency?
Efficiency, Eff:
%
(c) What physics law did you use in this problem?
Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
First Law of Thermodynamics
Second Law of Thermodynamics
27. This problem compares the energy output and heat transfer to the environment by two different types of nuclear power stations—one with the normal efficiency of 34.0%, and another with an improved efficiency of 40.0%. Suppose both have the same heat transfer into the engine in one day, 2.50×1014J . (a) How much more electrical energy is produced by the more efficient power station? (b) How much less heat transfer occurs to the environment by the more efficient power station? (One type of more efficient nuclear power station, the gas-cooled reactor, has not been reliable enough to be economically feasible in spite of its greater efficiency.)
Chapter 5 Solutions
An Introduction to Thermal Physics
Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 1PCh. 5.1 - Consider the production of ammonia from nitrogen...Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 3PCh. 5.1 - Prob. 4PCh. 5.1 - Consider a fuel cell that uses methane (natural...Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 6PCh. 5.1 - The metabolism of a glucose molecule (see previous...Ch. 5.1 - Derive the thermodynamic identity for G (equation...Ch. 5.1 - Sketch a qualitatively accurate graph of G vs. T...Ch. 5.1 - Suppose you have a mole of water at 25C and...
Ch. 5.1 - Suppose that a hydrogen fuel cell, as described in...Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 12PCh. 5.1 - Prob. 13PCh. 5.1 - Prob. 14PCh. 5.1 - Prob. 15PCh. 5.1 - Prob. 16PCh. 5.1 - Prob. 17PCh. 5.2 - Prob. 18PCh. 5.2 - In the previous section 1 derived the formula...Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 20PCh. 5.2 - Is heat capacity (C) extensive or intensive? What...Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 22PCh. 5.2 - Prob. 23PCh. 5.3 - Go through the arithmetic to verify that diamond...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 25PCh. 5.3 - How can diamond ever be more stable than graphite,...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 27PCh. 5.3 - Calcium carbonate, CaCO3, has two common...Ch. 5.3 - Aluminum silicate, Al2SiO5, has three different...Ch. 5.3 - Sketch qualitatively accurate graphs of G vs. T...Ch. 5.3 - Sketch qualitatively accurate graphs of G vs. P...Ch. 5.3 - The density of ice is 917kg/m3. (a) Use the...Ch. 5.3 - An inventor proposes to make a heat engine using...Ch. 5.3 - Below 0.3 K the Slope of the 3He solid–liquid...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 35PCh. 5.3 - Effect of altitude on boiling water. (a) Use the...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 37PCh. 5.3 - Prob. 38PCh. 5.3 - Prob. 39PCh. 5.3 - The methods of this section can also be applied to...Ch. 5.3 - Suppose you have a liquid (say, water) in...Ch. 5.3 - Ordinarily, the partial pressure of water vapor in...Ch. 5.3 - Assume that the air you exhale is at 35C, with a...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 44PCh. 5.3 - Prob. 46PCh. 5.3 - Prob. 47PCh. 5.3 - Prob. 48PCh. 5.3 - Prob. 49PCh. 5.3 - The compression factor of a fluid is defined as...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 51PCh. 5.3 - Prob. 52PCh. 5.3 - Repeat the preceding problem for T/Tc=0.8.Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 54PCh. 5.3 - Prob. 55PCh. 5.4 - Prove that the entropy of mixing of an ideal...Ch. 5.4 - In this problem you will model the mixing energy...Ch. 5.4 - Suppose you cool a mixture of 50% nitrogen and 50%...Ch. 5.4 - Suppose you start with a liquid mixture of 60%...Ch. 5.4 - Suppose you need a tank of oxygen that is 95%...Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 62PCh. 5.4 - Everything in this section assumes that the total...Ch. 5.4 - Figure 5.32 shows the phase diagram of plagioclase...Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 65PCh. 5.4 - Prob. 66PCh. 5.4 - Prob. 67PCh. 5.4 - Plumbers solder is composed of 67% lead and 33%...Ch. 5.4 - What happens when you spread salt crystals over an...Ch. 5.4 - What happens when you add salt to the ice bath in...Ch. 5.4 - Figure 5.35 (left) shows the free energy curves at...Ch. 5.4 - Repeat the previous problem for the diagram in...Ch. 5.5 - If expression 5.68 is correct, it must be...Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 74PCh. 5.5 - Compare expression 5.68 for the Gibbs free energy...Ch. 5.5 - Seawater has a salinity of 3.5%, meaning that if...Ch. 5.5 - Osmotic pressure measurements can be used to...Ch. 5.5 - Because osmotic pressures can be quite large, you...Ch. 5.5 - Most pasta recipes instruct you to add a teaspoon...Ch. 5.5 - Use the Clausius–Clapeyron relation to derive...Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 81PCh. 5.5 - Use the result of the previous problem to...Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 83PCh. 5.6 - Prob. 84PCh. 5.6 - Prob. 85PCh. 5.6 - Prob. 86PCh. 5.6 - Sulfuric acid, H2SO4, readily dissociates into H+...Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 88PCh. 5.6 - Prob. 89PCh. 5.6 - When solid quartz dissolves in water, it combines...Ch. 5.6 - When carbon dioxide dissolves in water,...Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 92P
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
Consider the two experiments described above. When the momentum of an object or system of objects did not chang...
Tutorials in Introductory Physics
15. A common trick for opening a stubborn lid on a jar is to run very hot water over the lid for a short time. ...
College Physics: A Strategic Approach (4th Edition)
35.40 In a setup similar to that of Problem 35.39, the glass has an index of refraction of 1.53, the plates are...
University Physics with Modern Physics (14th Edition)
A locomotive accelerates a freight train of total mass M from rest, applying constant power P. Determine the sp...
Essential University Physics: Volume 1 (3rd Edition)
Write each number in decimal form.
38. 4.05 × 100
Applied Physics (11th Edition)
8. A box slides up an incline, comes to rest, and then slides down again, accelerating in both directions. Answ...
College Physics (10th Edition)
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- One method of converting heat transfer to doing work is for heat transfer into a gas to take place, which expands, dong work on a piston, as shown in the figure below. (a) Is the heat transfer converted directly to work in an isobaric process, or does it go through another form first? Explain your answer. (b) What about in an isothermal process? (c) What about in an adiabatic process (where heat transfer occurred prior to the adiabatic process)?arrow_forward(a) The number of kilocalories in food is determined by calorimetry techniques in which the food is burned and the amount of heat transfer is measured. How many kilocalories per gram ale there in a 5.00-g peanut if the energy from burning it is transferred to 0. 500 kg of water held in a 0.100-kg aluminum cup, causing a 54.9- temperature increase? Assume the process takes place in an ideal calorimeter, in other words a perfectly insulated container. (b) Compare your answer to the following labeling information found on a package of dry roasted peanuts: a sewing of 33 g contains 200 calories. Comment on whether the values are consistent.arrow_forwardAccording to the USDA, an average, \moderately active" college student needs to eat 2500 calories per day. These \calories" are actually kilocalories, or kcal; and, we prefer to use Joules (J) in geophysics. The conversion is 1 kcal = 4187 J. The average geothermal heat ux is 60 mW/m2. How large an area on Earth's surface releases the same amount of energy in one day as used by the average college student in a day?arrow_forward
- It is important for the body to be able to cool itself even during moderate exercise. Suppose a 70kg man runs on a treadmill for 30min and at a (total) metabolic energy expenditure rate of 1000W. Using the 1st law of thermodynamics, estimate the amount of energylost in heat during that time. A)1800kJB)1350kJC)450kJD)1000kJarrow_forwardThis problem compares the energy output and heat transfer for the environment by two different types of nuclear power stations - one with normal efficiency of 34% and another one of 40%. Suppose both have the same heat transfer into the engine one day, 2.50x 1014J a) how much more electrical energy is produced by the more efficient power station b) how much less heat transfer occurs to the environment by the more efficient power station?arrow_forward(g) A 2 kW kettle containing 1.5 kg of water at 15°C is switched on for 5 minutes. i. How much heat energy is transferred? ii. What will be the temperature rise of the water? (Cwater = 4.2k] kg-1 K-') iii. What is the final temperature of the water?arrow_forward
- Should the cooling fluid for an engine have a large or a small heat capacity? Explain.arrow_forwardCan the outlet temperature of the cold fluid in a heat exchanger be higher than the outlet temperature of the hot fluid in a parallel-flow heat exchanger? How about in a counter-flow heat exchanger? Explain.arrow_forwardA pronghorn antelope can run at a remarkable 18 m/sm/s for up to 10 minutes, almost triple the speed that an elite human runner can maintain. For a 32 kgkg pronghorn, this requires an astonishing 3.4 kWkW of metabolic power, which leads to a significant increase in body temperature. If the pronghorn had no way to exhaust heat to the environment, by how much would its body temperature increase during this run? (In fact, it will lose some heat, so the rise won't be this dramatic, but it will be quite noticeable, requiring adaptations that keep the pronghorn's brain cooler than its body in such circumstances.) Assume the efficiency of the pronghorn to be equal to that of human.arrow_forward
- What are the conditions for isothermal and adiabatic processes to occur?arrow_forwardA growing plant creates a highly complex and organized structure out of simple materials such as air, water, and trace minerals. Does this violate the second law of thermodynamics? Why or why not? What is the plant’s ultimate source of energy? Explain.arrow_forward1. During the isobaric expansion from A to B represented below, -80 J of heat is removed from the gas. WAB = p (N/m²) 4 1.0 x 104 A 0.30 V (m³) (a) Calculate the work done by the gas during expansion from A to B. VI î 0.15 (b) What is the change in its internal energy? AE int= (c) What Law of Thermodynamics did you use in part (b)? Barrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...PhysicsISBN:9781133939146Author:Katz, Debora M.Publisher:Cengage Learning
College PhysicsPhysicsISBN:9781938168000Author:Paul Peter Urone, Roger HinrichsPublisher:OpenStax College
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...
Physics
ISBN:9781133939146
Author:Katz, Debora M.
Publisher:Cengage Learning
College Physics
Physics
ISBN:9781938168000
Author:Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs
Publisher:OpenStax College
The Laws of Thermodynamics, Entropy, and Gibbs Free Energy; Author: Professor Dave Explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8N1BxHgsoOw;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY