Suppose you have a liquid (say, water) in equilibrium with its gas phase, inside some closed container. You then pump in an inert gas (say, air), thus raising the pressure exerted on the liquid. What happens?
(a) For the liquid to remain in diffusive equilibrium with its gas phase, the chemical potentials of each must change by the same amount:
(b) Solve the differential equation to obtain
(c) Calculate the percent increase in vapor pressure when air at atmospheric pressure is added to a system of water and water vapor in equilibrium at 25°C. Argue more generally that the increase in vapor pressure due to the presence of an inert gas will be negligible except under extreme conditions.
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