Interpretation:
Ion-dipole, induced dipole-induced dipole, dipole-dipole in gas phase, ion-ion and dipole-dipole in solid phase in order of their strengths has to be arranged.
Concept Introduction:
Intermolecular forces are forces that are responsible for interaction between molecules. Such forces include both attractive as well as repulsive forces.
Types of intermolecular forces:
1. Ion-dipole forces: These forces come into play when ions interact with polar molecules. Ion gets attracted to oppositely charged end of polar molecule.
2. Dipole-dipole forces: These forces arise when there is interaction between oppositely charged ends of different dipoles.
3. London forces: These forces exist when there is interaction between nonpolar molecules. There occurs distortion in symmetry of electron clouds when two nonpolar molecules come closer to each other. Such forces exist in all molecules and therefore London forces are called universal.
4. Hydrogen bonding: This intermolecular force exists when hydrogen atoms are connected to highly electronegative elements like
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Chemical Principles: The Quest for Insight
- 4. A. Use the list of intermolecular and interparticle forces listed below to account for the following phenomena. Justify your answer in each case. London Dispersion Forces lonic Bonding Dipole-Dipole Interactions Metallic Bonding Hydrogen Bonding Covalent Bonding (i) Nacl has a very high heat of vaporization. (ii) The high volatility of helium (boiling point is - 267 °C, lowest of any element). (iii) What are the strongest attractive forces that must be overcome to boil carbon tetrachloride, (CCl,)? B. Read the following statement: NaF has a higher melting point than F2 because it has a greater molar mass. Do you agree with the statement? Explain why you believe the statement is true or falsrarrow_forward(a) Place the following substances in order of increasingvolatility: CH4, CBr4, CH2Cl2, CH3Cl, CHBr3, and CH2Br2.(b) How do the boiling points vary through this series?(c) Explain your answer to part (b) in terms of intermolecularforces.arrow_forward(a) Which kind of intermolecular attractive force is shownin each case here? (b) Predict which of the four interactions is the weakest.arrow_forward
- Name the type(s) of intermolecular forces that exists between molecules (or basic units) in each of the following species and identify the following species that are capable of hydrogen-bonding among themselves. (a) BeH2, (b) CH3COOHarrow_forward(a) Which type of intermolecular attractive force operates between all molecules? (b) Which type ofintermolecular force operates only between polar molecules? (c) Which type of intermolecular force operatesonly between the hydrogen atom and a nearby small electronegative atom?arrow_forward20. What is the relationship between intermolecular forces (IMFS) and the physical properties of solids and liquids? Using relevant chemical examples and at least one (1) physical property of your choosing, explain the effect of (a) hydrogen bonding; (b) dipole-dipole attractions; and (c) dispersion forces on your chosen physical property. Point form is both accepted and expected for this question. (arrow_forward
- Name the type(s) of intermolecular forces that exists between molecules (or basic units) in each of the following species and identify the following species that are capable of hydrogen-bonding among themselves. (a) C2H6, (b) HI, (c) KF, (d) BeH2, (e) CH3COOHarrow_forwardDetermine the strongest intermolecular force for the following molecule. Both Land X are nonmetals. Electronegativity: L< X :X:arrow_forwardWhich type/s of intermolecular forces will be exhibited by a pure sample of PH3? Justify your answerarrow_forward
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