Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Flask with molecules that have greater root mean square speed has to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Root mean square speed is square root of average value of square of molecular speeds of gas molecules. It includes molecular weight and temperature, both of which affect kinetic energy of gas. It is denoted by
Here,
(b)
Interpretation:
Flask with molecules that show more deviations from ideality has to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Real gases consist of atoms or molecules that have intermolecular attractions as well as repulsions. These gases deviate from ideal gases in terms of intermolecular forces. Such gases obey van der Waals equation. Van der Waals equation is as follows:
Here,
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 3 Solutions
Chemical Principles: The Quest for Insight
- 4(a) A car tyre (an automobile tire) was in ated to a pressure of 24 lb in−2(1.00 atm = 14.7 lb in−2) on a winter’s day when the temperature was −5 °C. What pressure will be found, assuming no leaks have occurred and that the volume is constant, on a subsequent summer’s day when the temperature is 35 °C? What complications should be taken into account in practice? (b) A sample of hydrogen gas was found to have a pressure of 125 kPa when the temperature was 23 °C. What can its pressure be expected to be when the temperature is 11 °C?arrow_forwardA sample of 4.72 mol of krypton is confined at low pressure in a volume at a temperature of 68 °C. Describe quantitatively the effects of each of the following changes on the pressure, the average kinetic energy per molecule in the gas, and the root-mean-square speed. (a) The temperature is decreased to -49 °C.(b) The volume is doubled.(c) The amount of krypton is increased to 6.47 mol. Give each answer as a decimal factor of the form: new value = factor old value. A factor of 1 means no change.arrow_forwardWhat is the temperature (in K) of a sample of nitrogen with an root mean- square velocity of 35.0 m/s The universal gas constant, R = 8.3145J / mol . K ?arrow_forward
- The van der Waals constants for HCl are a = 3.67 atm·liter2·mole–2, and b = 40.8 cc·mole–1. Find the critical constants of this substance.arrow_forwardA 1-L sample of CO initially at STP is heated to 546 °C, and its volume is increased to 2 L.(a) What effect do these changes have on the number of collisions of the molecules of the gas per unit area of the container wall?(b) What is the effect on the average kinetic energy of the molecules?(c) What is the effect on the root mean square speed of the molecules?arrow_forwardA 5.50-mole sample of NH3 gas is kept in a 1.85-L container at 309 K. If the van der Waals equation is assumed to give the correct answer for the pressure of the gas, calculate the percent error made in using the ideal-gas equation to calculate the pressure. (Use a = 4.17 atm·L2·mol−2 and b = 0.0371 L·mol−1 for the van der Waals equation.)arrow_forward
- A sample of 3.42 mol of xenon is confined at low pressure in a volume at a temperature of 86 °C. Describe quantitatively the effects of each of the following changes on the pressure, the average kinetic energy per molecule in the gas, and the root-mean-square speed. (a) The temperature is increased to 199 °C (b) The volume is tripled. (c) The amount of xenon is decreased to 1.87 mol Give each answer as a decimal factor of the form: new value factor old value. A factor of 1 means no change. ChangeP KEavgmsarrow_forwardElemental analysis of an organic liquid with a fishy odour gives the following elemental mass percentages: H 14.94 % C 71.22% N 13.84 %. Vaporization of 270 mg of an impure sample in a 150-mL bulb at 150oC gives a pressure of 435 torr. What is the molecular formula of the compound, and the % purity of the sample?arrow_forward2.a)Could 131 g of xenon gas in a vessel of volume 1.0 dm3 exert a pressure of 20 atm at 25 °C if it behaved as a perfect gas? If not, what pressure would it exert?(b) Could 25 g of argon gas in a vessel of volume 1.5 dm3 exert a pressure of 2.0 bar at 30 °C if it behaved as a perfect gas? If not, what pressure would it exert?arrow_forward
- 2. A sample of vapor weighing 0.368 g filled a Florence flask when heated in a water bath at 95.0°C. The actual volume of the flask was 128.4 mL and the barometric pressure was 747 torr. Calculate (a) the volume of the vapor at STP and (b) the molar mass of the volatile liquid. (Use the approach applied in the Introduction and on the data sheet.)arrow_forwardThe root mean square speed of a gas at 250.26 degrees Celsius is 332.50m s^-1. What is the molar mass of the compound? If it requires 5.63 minutes for 0.256 miles of helium to effuse in an effusion apparatus, how many minutes are required for 0.337 miles of this compound to effuse in the same apparatus?arrow_forward
- Chemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry for Engineering StudentsChemistryISBN:9781337398909Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom HolmePublisher:Cengage LearningIntroduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage Learning