Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Reason for melting point of solid xenon as
Concept Introduction:
Intermolecular forces are forces that are responsible for interaction between molecules. Such forces include both attractive as well as repulsive forces.
Types of intermolecular forces:
1. Ion-dipole forces: These forces come into play when ions interact with polar molecules. Ion gets attracted to oppositely charged end of polar molecule.
2. Dipole-dipole forces: These forces arise when there is interaction between oppositely charged ends of different dipoles.
3. London forces: These forces exist when there is interaction between nonpolar molecules. There occurs distortion in symmetry of electron clouds when two nonpolar molecules come closer to each other. Such forces exist in all molecules and therefore London forces are called universal.
4. Hydrogen bonding: This intermolecular force exists when hydrogen atoms are connected to highly electronegative elements like
(b)
Interpretation:
Reason for greater vapor pressure of diethyl ether as compared to that of water has to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(c)
Interpretation:
Reason for boiling point of
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 3 Solutions
Chemical Principles: The Quest for Insight
- (a) How do the viscosity and surface tension of liquids change as intermolecular forces become stronger? (b) How do the viscosity and surface tension of liquids change as temperature increases? Accounts for these trendsarrow_forwardExplain for these observations: (a) The surface tension of CHBr3 is greater than that of CHCl3. (b) As temperature increases, oil flows faster through a narrow tube. (c) Raindrops that collect on a waxed automobile hood take on a nearly spherical shape.arrow_forwardA metal crystallizes in the face-cente red cubic crystal structure with a unit cell edge of 4.08 x 10 -8 cm. The density of the metal is 19.3 g/cc. (a) What is the mass, in grams, of a single atom of this element? (b) What is the atomic weight of the element (g/mol). (c) What is the radius, in cm, of an atom of the element?arrow_forward
- Which type of intermolecular force accounts for each ofthese differences? (a) CH3OH boils at 65 °C; CH3SH boils at6 °C. (b) Xe is a liquid at atmospheric pressure and 120 K,whereas Ar is a gas under the same conditions. (c) Kr,atomic weight 84 amu, boils at 120.9 K, whereas Cl2, molecularweight about 71 amu, boils at 238 K. (d) Acetone boilsat 56 °C, whereas 2-methylpropane boils at -12 °C.arrow_forward(a)What is the atomic radius (in nm) of a certain metal particle if it crystallizes with a face-centered cubic unit ceno.38 nm on an edge?(b) What will be its theoretical density if it has an atomic weight of 88.9 g/molarrow_forwardIodine has an orthorhombic unit cell for which the a, b, and c lattice parameters are 0.479, 0.725, and 0.978 nm, respectively. (a) If the atomic packing factor and atomic radius are 0.547 and 0.177 nm, respectively, determine the number of atoms in each unit cell. (b) The atomic weight of iodine is 126.91 g/mol; compute its theoretical density.arrow_forward
- The phase diagram of a hypothetical substance is (a) Estimate the normal boiling point and freezing point ofthe substance. (b) What is the physical state of the substanceunder the following conditions? (i) T = 150 K, P = 0.2 atm;(ii) T = 100 K, P = 0.8 atm; (iii) T = 300 K, P = 1.0 atm.(c) What is the triple point of the substance?arrow_forwardTungsten crystallizes in a body-centered cubic unit cell with an edge length of 3.165 Å.(a) What is the atomic radius of tungsten in this structure?(b) Calculate the density of tungsten.arrow_forwardA cubic unit cell contains manganese ions at the corners and fluoride ions at the center of each edge.(a) What is the empirical formula of this compound? Explain your answer.(b) What is the coordination number of the Mn3+ ion?(c) Calculate the edge length of the unit cell if the radius of a Mn3+ ion is 0.65 A.(d) Calculate the density of the compound.arrow_forward
- The vapor pressure of benzene is 224 mmHg at 45 °C and 648 mmHg at 75 °C.(a) Find the enthalpy of vaporization of benzene, ∆Hvap (kJ/mol), assuming it is constant. You may also assume that ZV − ZL ≃ 1. B)arrow_forwardA metal X has an atomic radius of 0.126 nm. If the density and molar mass of X are 7.87 g cm3 and 55.85 g mol1, respectively. 1. (a) (i) Determine the number of atoms per unit cell and the crystal structure of metal X. (ii) Determine the volume of the unit cell. (ii) Determine its planar density in [100], [110] and [111] directions. (iv) Explain which direction would be the most possible slip direction when shear stress is applied. (b) Explain the role of matrix and reinforcement phase in a composite material.arrow_forward(b) Using the Crystallographer's formula to determine the density (in g/cm³) of Po: ρ = Σ Ζ * Μ Vell* N You must know that a primitive cubic cell has Z = 1 Since Po is a metal, the value of "i" = 1, since it's the only entity! MM of Po= 208.998 g/mol Vcell (in cm³) = a³ Vcell (3.36 x 10-8 cm)³ = 3.793 x 10-23 cm³ N = 6.022 x 1023 atoms/mol Thus: p = (1 atom/cell) (208.998 g/mol) = 9.16 g/cm³ (3.793 x 10-23 cm³) (6.022 x 1023)arrow_forward
- Introduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning