Concept explainers
Interpretation:
A single bond connecting an
Concept introduction:
According to the Valence bond (VB) theory, the hybridization of atomic orbitals is used to account for electron and molecular geometry around the central atom. A hybrid orbital is a combination of one or more atomic orbitals from the valence shell of an atom.
The number of hybrid orbitals required is the same as the number of electron groups. If the number of electron groups is two, two-hybrid orbitals are needed. These are formed by a combination of s and one p orbital, giving
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Chapter 3 Solutions
Organic Chemistry: Principles and Mechanisms (Second Edition)
- Identify the hybridization of each underlined atom in the following compounds and ions: (a) B_H4 (b) H2C_=C_HC_H3 (c) BCl3arrow_forward7.96 Consider the hydrocarbons whose structures are shown below. Which of these molecules would be planar, meaning that all of the atoms must lie in the same plane? Explain your answer in terms of orbital hybridizations.arrow_forwardThe hybridization of the two carbon atoms differs in an acetic acid, CH3COOH, molecule. (a) Designate the correct hybridization for each carbon atom in this molecule. (b) What is the approximate bond angle around each carbon?arrow_forward
- Aspirin, or acetylsalicylic acid, has the formula C9H8O4 and the skeleton structure (a) Complete the Lewis structure and give the number of bonds and bonds in aspirin. (b) What is the hybridization about the CO2H carbon atom (colored blue)? (c) What is the hybridization about the carbon atom in the benzene-like ring that is bonded to an oxygen atom (colored red)? Also, what is the hybridization of the oxygen atom bonded to this carbon atom?arrow_forwardMany important compounds in the chemical industry are derivatives of ethylene (C2H4). two of them are acrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate. Acrylonitrile Methyl methacrylate Complete the Lewis structures, showing all lone pairs. Give approximate values for bond angles a through f Give the hybridization of all carbon atoms. In acrylonitrile, how many of the atoms in the molecule must lie in the same plane? How many bonds and how many bonds are there in methyl methacrylate and acrylonitrile?arrow_forwardHarry creates a compound that contains only 1 pi (π) bond in total. The central atom has 4s2, 3d10, and 4p5. There are only 3 surrounding atoms with the electron configuration: 1s2 2s2 2p5. What is the formula and VSEPR shape for this compound? Explain how this is possible with respect to hybridized orbitals and how electrons are moved around to create this compound.arrow_forward
- Chemistry for Engineering StudentsChemistryISBN:9781337398909Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom HolmePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Matter and ChangeChemistryISBN:9780078746376Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl WistromPublisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub CoChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage Learning