Concept explainers
Interpretation:
An energy diagram of
Concept introduction:
The stability of a molecule or an ion relative to the separated atoms depends on the number of electrons in its bonding and antibonding MOs. More the number of electrons in the bonding MO, more the stability. On the other hand, presence of electron(s) in the antibonding orbital destabilizes the molecule (or ion).
Completely removing an atom’s electron to ionize it requires supplying energy to the electron. The amount of energy needed for this is higher than that needed for promoting an electron to a higher energy orbital of the molecule or atom.
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Organic Chemistry: Principles and Mechanisms (Second Edition)
- Problem Draw a Lewis structure and identify the octet-rule exception for (a) H3PO4 (draw two resonance forms and select the more important); (b) BFCl2.Plan We draw each Lewis structure and examine it for exceptions to the octet rule.(a) The central atom is in Period 3, so it can have more than an octet.(b) The central atom is B, which can have fewer than an octet of electrons.arrow_forwardBelow is the SN2 reaction between iodocyclohexane and cyanide (CN–). Draw the missing curved arrow notation in the first box to reflect electron movements. In both boxes, add lone pairs of electrons and nonzero formal charges.arrow_forwardProblem Name each of the following anions and give the name and formula of the acid derived from it: (a) Br-; (b) IO3 -; (c) CN-; (d) SO4 2-; (e) NO2 -.arrow_forward
- 9) Draw the resonance contributor that corresponds to the curved, two electron movement arrows in the resonance expressions below. -I Harrow_forwardWhich of the following shows correct arrow placement that represents significant resonance for the given molecule? None of the choices given represent significant resonance. Save for Laterarrow_forwardExample 1: How many hydrogens are in C-H,N, which has 0 ring(s) and 2 double bond(s)? Example 2: How many hydrogens are in C,H,NO, which has 1 ring(s) and 3 double bond(s)?arrow_forward
- Draw the best Lewis structure for HCN and determine the formal charge on the nitrogen. Please just put in single number for answer. If it is positive no need for the +, if it is negative, please use the -.arrow_forwardIn the following Lewis structure of [BrO3]", every atom, bond and lone pair is positioned. To complete the structure, drag the formal charge tags to the appropriate atom(s). Each marker may be used more than once, or not at all. If an atom has a formal charge of zero, do not drag a tag to it. When you drag the marker in, place the little crosshairs in the upper left corner of the marker directly over the atom(s) in question (not above them). Ö: Br: 2+ 2-arrow_forwardHow do I calc the formal chargers of nitrene, oxonium ion, carbene, acetylidearrow_forward
- For each of the following molecules, draw all the valid resonance formsarrow_forwardPredict the highlighted C–C bond that has the lowest BDE (weakest bond).arrow_forwardFollow the curved arrows and draw a Lewis structure for the resulting resonance contributor of 1,3-butadiene, adding charges and lone electron pairs to the appropriate atoms. CH2arrow_forward
- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning