Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The orbital picture of methane indicating the important overlap of AOs is to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
According to
(b)
Interpretation:
The energy diagram of methane indicating the formation of molecular orbitals (MOs) is to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
The molecular orbitals are formed by overlapping of atomic orbitals of adjacent atoms. The number of molecular orbitals formed and the number of atomic orbitals that overlap is equal. The two atomic orbitals, on mixing along bonding axes, form two molecular orbitals: one is
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Organic Chemistry: Principles and Mechanisms (Second Edition)
- Draw the major resonance structure for the compound shown; include lone pairs of electrons, formal charges, and condensed hydrogen atoms (located in the More menu). Then draw curved arrows to show how this can be converted to the Lewis structure givenarrow_forwardDraw the curved arrows to show the resonance structure for the following molecules. ( there are 3 molecules )arrow_forwardx-xo B Draw molecule A. On that drawing include the lone pairs and the curved arrows that would produce resonance structure B.arrow_forward
- For 1 and 2, use curved arrows to illustrate the potential overall electron movements or bond changes, and identify the type of reaction by examining the overall chemical transformation. Show A-H bonds as needed.arrow_forwardDescribe with words how you would draw the curved arrow(s) to get to the more stable resonance form for the left-hand pair. Be sure to include how many curved arrows are needed and what atom (or bond) the electrons are coming from or going to. Do the same for the resonance pair on the right-hand side. more stable more stablearrow_forwardPlease construct a I -C-E table.arrow_forward
- The curved arrow notation introduced in Section 1.6 is a powerful method used by organic chemists to show the movement of electrons not only in resonance structures, but also in chemical reactions. Since each curved arrow shows the movement of two electrons, following the curved arrows illustrates what bonds are broken and formed in a reaction. Consider the following three-step process. (a) Add curved arrows in Step [1] to show the movement of electrons. (b) Use the curved arrows drawn in Step [2] to identify the structure of X. X is converted in Step [3] to phenol and HCl.arrow_forwardProblem (#2.) For each ion below, draw all reasonable resonance structures (linked by resonance arrows “↔”). Include curved arrows that indicate the movement of electrons between each resonance structure. Assign non-zero formal charges to each atom for each resonance structure. (a.) NO3– (nitrate) (b.) CH3COO– (acetate) (c.) N3– (azide) (d.) NCO– (isocyanate) Problem (#3.) For each ion in question 2, draw a resonance hybrid, assigning non-zero formal and/or partial charges (δ+, δ–) as needed. Problem (#4.) For each skeletal structure below, satisfy the valences (or octets) of all of the atoms by filling in double and triple bonds as well as unshared electron pairs. Assign non-zero formal charges and show the overall charge if the structure is an ion. See photo attached for Problem number 4. Problem (#5.) For each structure in question 4, draw a resonance hybrid (if it has one) and assign non-zero formal and/or partial charges as needed.arrow_forwardEvery box should contain two structures. Be sure to include all lone pair electrons and nonzero formal charges. Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Draw H3O*, and then add the curved arrow notation showing an electrophilic addition of H*.arrow_forward
- Identify all functional groups that are present in strychnine, a highly toxic alkaloid used as a pesticide to kill rodents, whose line structure is shown here. What compound class is characteristic of each of those functional groups? Strychninearrow_forward(a) Click on all atoms in the amide molecule shown here that form hydrogen bonds with the hydrogen atoms in a water molecule. || CH3- C-N-CH3 CH3 (b) Click on all atoms in the amide molecule shown here that form hydrogen bonds with the oxygen atom in a water molecule. CH3 C-N-CH3 CH3 (c) Click on all atoms in the amide on the right that can form a hydrogen bond with the oxygen atom in the amide on the left. CH3-C-N-H CH3-C-N-H (d) Click on all atoms in the amide on the left that can form a hydrogen bond with the nitrogen atom in the amide on the right. CH3 -C-N-H CH3 -C -N-H H. H.arrow_forwardBelow is the SN2 reaction between iodocyclohexane and cyanide (CN–). Draw the missing curved arrow notation in the first box to reflect electron movements. In both boxes, add lone pairs of electrons and nonzero formal charges.arrow_forward
- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning