Genetics: Analysis and Principles
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259616020
Author: Robert J. Brooker Professor Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 26.2, Problem 3COMQ
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The term gene was first discovered by the Wilhelm Johannsen. It is the basic functional unit of hereditary. The expression of genes helps in encoding the information in the gene products, which was stored in the genes. These gene products are generally proteins.
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What statement best describes the difference between "fate maps" and "specification"?
If cells are transplanted from their normal region in an embryo to a different region in a recipient embryo, such cells will alter their fate, but not their specification.
Cell fate map describes the allocation of cells to the germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm, or endoderm, whereas specification describes the exact tissues that each cell will ultimately become.
The fate map of an embryo does not change during development -- the fate map of an egg is the same as the fate map of a late blastula -- whereas the specification map of an embryo changes continually as the embryo's development proceeds.
The fate map of a cell is determined by labelling that cell and following it during normal development, whereas the specification state of a cell is determined by culturing a cell in an artificial medium and observing what tissues form from it.
The expression of maternal-effect genes directly leads to
a. the establishment of body axes.
b. segmentation.
c. determination.
d. cell differentiation.
For pattern formation to occur, the cells in the developing embryo must
a. “know” their position in the embryo.
b. be determined during the earliest divisions.
c. differentiate as they are “born.”
d. must all be reprogrammed after each cell division.
Chapter 26 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Ch. 26.1 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 26.1 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 26.1 - Which of the following is the correct order for...Ch. 26.2 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 26.2 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 26.2 - Prob. 3COMQCh. 26.2 - Prob. 4COMQCh. 26.3 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 26.3 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 26.3 - 3. Myogenic bHLH proteins are ___________ that...
Ch. 26.4 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 26.4 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 26.5 - 1. A key event that initially determines female or...Ch. 26.5 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 26 - 1. What four types of cellular processes must...Ch. 26 - Prob. 2CONQCh. 26 - Prob. 3CONQCh. 26 - 4. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true...Ch. 26 - Discuss the morphological differences between the...Ch. 26 - Prob. 6CONQCh. 26 - Explain what a morphogen is, and describe how it...Ch. 26 - 8. What is positional information? Discuss three...Ch. 26 - Prob. 9CONQCh. 26 - Prob. 10CONQCh. 26 - 11. Describe the function of the Bicoid protein....Ch. 26 - With regard to development, what are the roles of...Ch. 26 - Discuss the role of homeotic genes in development....Ch. 26 - Describe the molecular features of the homeobox...Ch. 26 - What would you predict to be the phenotype of...Ch. 26 - Prob. 16CONQCh. 26 - If a mutation in a homeotic gene produced the...Ch. 26 - 18. Explain how loss-of-function mutations in the...Ch. 26 - What is the difference between a maternal-effect...Ch. 26 - Prob. 20CONQCh. 26 - Prob. 21CONQCh. 26 - Prob. 22CONQCh. 26 - 23. Discuss the similarities and differences...Ch. 26 - 24. What is cell differentiation? Discuss the role...Ch. 26 - Prob. 25CONQCh. 26 - What is a totipotent cell? In each of the...Ch. 26 - 27. What is a meristem? Explain the role of...Ch. 26 - Prob. 28CONQCh. 26 - Predict the phenotypic consequences of each of the...Ch. 26 - 30. Explain how alternative splicing affects sex...Ch. 26 - Prob. 1EQCh. 26 - Compare and contrast the experimental advantages...Ch. 26 - 3. What is meant by the term cell fate? What is a...Ch. 26 - 4. Explain why a cell lineage diagram is necessary...Ch. 26 - Explain the rationale behind the use of the bag of...Ch. 26 - Prob. 6EQCh. 26 - Take a look at question 2 in More Genetic TIPS...Ch. 26 - All of the homeotic genes inDrosophilahave been...Ch. 26 - Prob. 9EQCh. 26 - wo techniques commonly used to study the...Ch. 26 - Prob. 11EQCh. 26 - Prob. 12EQCh. 26 - 13. Another way to study the role of proteins...Ch. 26 - 14. Why have geneticists used reverse genetics to...Ch. 26 - Prob. 1QSDCCh. 26 - Prob. 2QSDCCh. 26 - Prob. 3QSDC
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- During development, cells become a. differentiated before they become determined. b. determined before they become differentiated. c. determined by the loss of genetic material. d. differentiated by the loss of genetic material.arrow_forwardVirtually all steps of embryological development depend on: a. Alterations in the genome b. Tumor Stem Cells c. Changes in programs of gene expression d. Telomerasearrow_forwardIn Figure 13-2, the transplantation of certain regions of embryonic tissue induces the development of structures in new places. What are these special regions called, and what are the substances they are proposed to produce?arrow_forward
- What a cell or tissue will normally develop into during development A. Cell Fate B. Competence C. Determination D. PotencyE. Specificationarrow_forwardWhich mechanism prevents an ovum from being fertilized by multiple sperm cells? Select one: a. When more than a single sperm cell fuses with the plasma membrane, multiple zygotes can form, leading to the conception of twins or triplets. b. When a sperm fuses with the plasma membrane of the egg, depolarization of the membrane occurs. c. Once a sperm penetrates the jelly-like coating of the egg, no other sperm cells can penetrate the coating. d. The egg can only survive in the Fallopian tube for 24 hours as it does not have mitochondria to produce energy.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT an example of cell migration as a part of cell differentiation? A. Mesenchyme cells forming mesoderm during gastrulation B. Primitive streak formation in a chick embryo C. Concentration of protein complexes during cleavage D. Convergent extension to elongate the archenteron in the sea urchinarrow_forward
- Why is it easier to manipulate embryonic stem cells to differentiate into various tissues than it is to manipulate a typical adult cell? a. As cells develop, signaling pathways can cause some genes to be turned off during development. b. Adult cells have different DNA content than do embryonic stem cells. c. Emybronic stem cells pose less of a threat for organ rejection as do an individual s own adult cells. d. It is no easier to manipulate emybronic stem cells to differentiate into various tissues than it is to manipulate a typical adult cell.arrow_forwardFrom what you know about embryonic development, do you think that a cell from the inner cell mass or one from the ectoderm has more developmental potential?arrow_forwardA researcher performs a tissue transplant experiment with an early Drosophila embryo. The researcher observes that transplanting tissue from the area of the embryo that normally becomes the head of the fly to the bottom part of an embryo does not alter the embryological development of that organism. What to conclude from that observation? This observation remains to be explained. The embryo does not produce sufficient survival factors to maintain the transplanted cells. The cell fate of the transplanted cells had not yet been determined. O The transplanted cells all activate the apoptosis response, and thus do not affect the developmental program.arrow_forward
- What is one of the ethical issues related to using embryonic stem cells? O A. Embryonic cells are donated. B. Embryonic cells need to be revived from dead tissue. O C. Embryonic cells are harvested from young embryos. O D. Embryonic cells are unfertilized and become fertilized through in vitro fertilization.arrow_forward. The ability of one embryonic tissue to influence the development ofanother tissue is calleda. induction.b. cellular differentiation.c. apoptosis.d. pattern formation.e. morphogenesis.arrow_forwardCarefully distinguish between the terms differentiation and determination. Which phenomenon occurs initially during development?arrow_forward
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Cell Differentiation | Genetics | Biology | FuseSchool; Author: FuseSchool - Global Education;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gwAz_BtVuLA;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY