Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393615098
Author: John W. Foster, Joan L. Slonczewski
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 26, Problem 23RQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The opposite effects of botulinum and tetanus toxin.
Introduction:
Botulinum and tetanus toxins are produced by Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium tetani. Botulinum is a food-borne toxin that is mostly found in improperly packed canned foods. Tetanus toxin is produced by Clostridium tetani cells that enter the tissues by trauma.
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Why do botulism and tetanus show such opposing symptoms?
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Why does tetanus result in spastic paralysis in human hosts?
Chapter 26 Solutions
Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
Ch. 26.2 - Prob. 1TQCh. 26.2 - Prob. 2TQCh. 26.3 - Prob. 1TQCh. 26.5 - Prob. 1TQCh. 26.5 - Prob. 2TQCh. 26.5 - Prob. 3TQCh. 26.5 - Prob. 4TQCh. 26.6 - Prob. 1TQCh. 26.7 - Prob. 1TQCh. 26.7 - Prob. 2TQ
Ch. 26.7 - Prob. 3TQCh. 26.7 - Prob. 4TQCh. 26.7 - Prob. 5TQCh. 26 - Prob. 1RQCh. 26 - Prob. 2RQCh. 26 - Prob. 3RQCh. 26 - Prob. 4RQCh. 26 - Prob. 5RQCh. 26 - Prob. 6RQCh. 26 - Prob. 7RQCh. 26 - Prob. 8RQCh. 26 - Prob. 9RQCh. 26 - Prob. 10RQCh. 26 - Prob. 11RQCh. 26 - Prob. 12RQCh. 26 - Prob. 13RQCh. 26 - Prob. 14RQCh. 26 - Prob. 15RQCh. 26 - Prob. 16RQCh. 26 - Prob. 17RQCh. 26 - Prob. 18RQCh. 26 - Prob. 19RQCh. 26 - Prob. 20RQCh. 26 - Prob. 21RQCh. 26 - Prob. 22RQCh. 26 - Prob. 23RQCh. 26 - Prob. 24RQCh. 26 - Prob. 1TQCh. 26 - Prob. 2TQCh. 26 - Prob. 3TQCh. 26 - Prob. 4TQ
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- Compare and contrast the mode of action of tetanus and botulinum toxins.arrow_forwardDescribe the two diseases botulism and tetanus in terms of their causes, infection routes, effects on the person, prevention and treatment. How are the two similar and different from most other pathogens that affect the nervous system?arrow_forwardHow are botulism and tetanus alike and different?arrow_forward
- Given that there is currently no cure for mad cow disease, what is likely to be the most effective action to reduce its transmission?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about botulism is true?a) It is caused by Bacillus botulinum, an obligate aerobe.b) The toxin is heat-resistant, withstanding temperatures of 100 8 C.c) The organism that causes botulism can cause disease withoutencountering the immune response.d) Vaccinations are routinely given to prevent botulism.e) Symptoms of botulism include uncontrolled contraction of muscles.arrow_forwardWhat drugs would you recommend for Tetanus treatment? Explain the mechanism of action of the toxin from Clostridium botulinum. How this mechanism can be used for clinical and cosmetic purposes, including treatment of facial wrinkles?arrow_forward
- Which of the following is NOT true of bacterial exotoxins? 1. Important in the pathogenesis of many human diseases 2. Their toxic effect can be systemic, affecting cells distant from the primary site of infection 3. None of the other four answers (All are true of bacterial exotoxins) 4. Different exotoxins may affect different types of cells (e.g., nerves, gastrointestinal mucosa) 5. Some exotoxins have two components, A (active) and B (binding)arrow_forwardHere are four toxins: diphtheria toxin, cholera toxin, tetanus toxin, and exfoliative toxin. Choose two of them and answer the following questions: 1. Is it an exotoxin or an endotoxin? 2. Which bacterial species produces it? 3. Briefly describe its mode of action and how it causes damage to the host cells. Include specific signs and symptoms.arrow_forwardTwo microbiologists are writing a textbook, but they cannot agree where to place the discussion of botulism. One favored the chapter on nervous system infections, whereas the other insisted on the chapter covering digestive system infections. Where do you think the discussion should be placed, and why?arrow_forward
- Both C. tetani and C. botulinum produce neurotoxins as VFs. Differentiate the effect of the toxin and how this leads to different types of paralysis in these diseases.arrow_forwardWhich of these statements about tetanus is true?a) It can start from a bee sting.b) Immunization is carried out using tiny doses of killed C. tetani.c) Those who recover from the disease are immune for life.d) Tetanus immune globulin does not prevent the disease.e) It is easy to avoid exposure to spores of the causative organism.arrow_forwardA rash shaped like a bull’s eye and flu-like symptoms, of the following, which is NOT true of the disease that this person is likely to have? Group of answer choices A) This person got this disease by being bitten by a mosquito B) The patient is probably infected with the spirochete Borrella burgdorferi C) Antibiotic therapy can cure this condition D) Without treatment this disease can lead to arthritic complications, nerve, and heart damagearrow_forward
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