Here are four toxins: diphtheria toxin, cholera toxin, tetanus toxin, and exfoliative toxin. Choose two of them and answer the following questions: 1. Is it an exotoxin or an endotoxin? 2. Which bacterial species produces it? 3. Briefly describe its mode of action and how it causes damage to the host cells. Include specific signs and symptoms.

Q: Name a bacterium for each category and describe where each comes from, and what symptoms they cause…

A: There are different types of bacteria are present in the body. They multiply rapidly and they crowd…

Q: Two patients were admitted to the same hospital ward for the same duration of time, yet one became…

A: Clostridioides difficile is a bacteria that is responsible for being the causative agent of…

Q: Staphylococcus aureus excretes a food poisoning toxin which, when ingested, produces nausea and…

A: Introduction: Streptococcus aureus has  recognized as  the most bacteria that cause disease in…

Q: Answer the questions and explain briefly. 1. How can you apply the Germ Theory of Disease and the…

A: 1).As according to the Germ Theory of Disease the causative factors behind diseases are…

Q: Determine the chain of infection for the following scenarios and describe what you would do to break…

A: In the environment there are n numbers of microorganisms are present. When we touch the surfaces,…

Q: Read the following two statements about C.difficile outbreaks and answer the questions given below.…

A: MRSA-  Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a kind of infection caused by Staphylococcus…

Q: What are the most likely type and mechanism of the urticarial hypersensitivity reaction? What are…

A: Immunologic contact urticaria occurs secondary to interaction with an allergen due to IgE antibody…

Q: Cholera is spread by contaminated water. List 3 steps you can take to stop this disease from…

A: The intestinal infection by the bacterial pathogen Vibrio cholerae causes the disease cholera. The…

Q: a. Why is it unlikely that diseases such as tetanus and botulism willever be completely…

A: Since we only answer 1 question in case of multiple question, we’ll answer the first question as the…

Q: Why is it not possible to use Koch’s postulates to show that Treponema pallidum causes syphilis?

A: Syphilis care categorized as a sexually transmitted disease, and causes infections that affect the…

Q: List in order the chain of infection and give a brief description of each.

A: In both basic and applied research, microbiology is a highly significant area. Proteomics, genomics,…

Q: Mechanism of delta endotoxin action: proteolysis, binding of cry toxins to specific receptors in the…

A: Introduction Endotoxin is a toxic component found in the outer membrane of some gram-negative…

Q: Why do gram-positive bacteria not produce endotoxins?

A: ExotoxinsThey are proteineous substances that are produced within the bacterium as a byproduct of…

Q: Trace the course of a disease in the accompanying graph.Identify stages (a) through (f), and relate…

A: INFECTION:- Disease-causing pathogens invade the host tissue, multiply inside the body. The…

Q: Place the components of the chain of infection in the proper order.   Question 10 options:…

A: When an infection spreads among a group of people or community it is called a chain of infection.…

Q: Match Column A to different components of the chain of infection. [NOTE: select all that applies]…

A: Chain of infection is the interlinked factors which contributes to the development of disease in a…

Q: Which of the following pathogens is the LEAST virulent?   1. Microbe B, ID50 =  1,000 cells 2.…

A: Introduction:-  The ID50, or infectious dose, 50 percent, is another way to evaluate virulence. This…

Q: a. What are the distinctive morphological traits of Corynebacterium?b. How can the pseudomembrane be…

A: Note : We’ll answer the first question since the exact one wasn’t specified. Please submit a new…

Q: What are some mechanisms that V. cholerae escapes from its own eradication should the disease prove…

A: *V cholerae is a comma-shaped bacteria *Cholera is an intestinal infection caused by Vibrio…

Q: The patient with ulcers on his face came to see a doctor. It's known that he has been recently…

A: Introduction: When a female phlebotomine sand fly bites a human, it transmits an internal parasite…

Q: What are antiviral and antitumor agents? Why would it be significant if fluid extracted from…

A: * Antiviral agents are the drugs that used to treat or control viral infections. These agents will…

Q: Define the following terms: a. endotoxin b. periplasmic space c. slime layer d. lipopolysaccharide…

A: A.)Endotoxin : are heat stable lipopolusachaaride protein complexes which form structural components…

Q: exotoxin and endotoxin with examples and diagrams.

A: Microorganisms secrete a lot of chemicals or toxins which affect other living organisms in different…

Q: Which of the following toxins are exotoxins None of the above Streptococcal pyrogenic toxin LPS of…

A: There are different types of diseases that affect the normal physiology of the body. The diseases…

Q: How is Giardia, a eukaryotic pathogenic parasite, affected by vancomycin? Explain your answer.

A: Giardia is a anaerobic flagellated protozoan parasites of the phylum metamonada which colonise and…

Q: 1. Explain why pathogens need to attach to host cells. 2. Describe various microbial attachment…

A: The process of surface adhesion and biofilm development is a type of survival strategy in microbes,…

Q: Many people in the developing world die of a water-borne illness simply because they do not have…

A: Cholera It refers to a bacteria disease caused by the bacteria Vibrio cholerae. It is usually spread…

Q: Compare and contrast the exotoxins and endotoxin. What are the limitations in their detection by…

A: Endotoxin is a lipopolysaccharide that consists of the lipid A portion containing fatty acids and…

Q: Which type of toxin, when secreted, may lead to the disruption of the cells within the…

A: Enterotoxin

Q: Fill in the table below with the missing information. Use the recorded lectures as your guide.…

A: The exotoxin is the extracellular components of the cell that are excreted by the cells. The…

Q: ive a disease-causing pathogen or microbe and answer the following questions. 1. What is the name…

A: A pathogen is a disease-causing organism. These microbes, on the other hand, only become a problem…

Q: Which of the following statements is incorrect? a. Mucosal surfaces are better than skin surfaces…

A: A commensal is a living being that utilizes food provided in the interior or the outer climate of…

Q: A 19-year-old woman presented because of the recent onset of breakthrough bleeding. She has been…

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Q: Different strains of Streptococcus pyogenes have different virulence factors, giving these microbes…

A: Streptococcus pyogenes is the leading cause of uncomplicated bacterial pharyngitis and tonsillitis…

Q: complaint is . Select one: O a. Entamoeba histolyica Ob. Schistosoma haematobium c. Fasciola…

A: The symptoms this person is showing  suggests that he has been infected from some worm. This is…

Q: List 7 factors that would put a particular patient at a higher risk of contracting a nosocomial…

A: Nosocomial infections(NIs), also called as health-care associated infections or hospital-acquired…

Q: Use the following formula to explain the relationships among theseveral factors and what happens…

A: The invasion of pathogens into the host cells and their multiplication inside these cells is known…

Q: The transmission of this disease can occur through an arthropod vector.        Group of answer…

A: A pathogen is a microorganism that can cause disease. Pathogens are usually microscopic and include…

Q: A. How many people a year die due to insecticide misuse and exposure?  B. What does Bt stand for? C.…

A: Insecticide -----  Poisoning by insecticide , pesticides has been a severe public health problems…

Q: A bacterial toxin was found to cause hemolysis, pus, and mucous, and upon structural elucidation was…

A: The bacterial toxins are responsible for hemolysis is due to pore forming toxins called α-hemolysin…

Tissue renewal

In multicellular organisms, tissue is a level of structure that consists of a group of physically and functionally identical cells and their intercellular substances. Unicellular organisms do not have tissues. Tissues are absent or poorly differentiated even in the simplest multicellular animals, such as sponges. However, more evolved multicellular animals and plants have specialized tissues that may organize and govern an organism's reaction to its surroundings. The word tissue is derived from the Latin word 'weave.' Plants and animals have various kinds of tissue systems that differ in their work and composition according to the different requirements.