Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781319114671
Author: Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 22, Problem 5P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The proper order of beta-oxidation of fatty acids should be determined.
Concept introduction:
The fatty acids are degraded in a sequential manner, that is two carbon units at the carboxyl end of the molecule are removed in each step. The process of beta-oxidation of fatty acids takes place inside the mitochondria, and it includes the oxidation of beta carbon of the fatty acids.
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G. ENZYME CLASSIFICATION.
Identify the main class of enzymes used to catalyzed the following reactions:
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0.
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coo
• co, • ATP + H,0
H-C-H . ADP + P, + 2H
čoo
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. Glucagon secretion causes inhibition of intracellular acetyl-CoA car-
boxylase activity by several mechanisms. Name all you
can think of.
Consider the docosanoic acid, C21H43CO2H
a. Label the a and B carbons
b. Draw the acyl CoA derived from this fatty acid
c. How many acetyl CoA molecules are formed by complete B-oxidation?
d. How many cycles of B-oxidation are needed for complete oxidation?
e. How many molecules of ATP are formed from the complete catabolism of this fatty acid?
Chapter 22 Solutions
Biochemistry
Ch. 22 - Prob. 1PCh. 22 - Prob. 2PCh. 22 - Prob. 3PCh. 22 - Prob. 4PCh. 22 - Prob. 5PCh. 22 - Prob. 6PCh. 22 - Prob. 7PCh. 22 - Prob. 8PCh. 22 - Prob. 9PCh. 22 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 22 - Prob. 11PCh. 22 - Prob. 12PCh. 22 - Prob. 13PCh. 22 - Prob. 14PCh. 22 - Prob. 15PCh. 22 - Prob. 16PCh. 22 - Prob. 17PCh. 22 - Prob. 18PCh. 22 - Prob. 19PCh. 22 - Prob. 20PCh. 22 - Prob. 21PCh. 22 - Prob. 22PCh. 22 - Prob. 23PCh. 22 - Prob. 24PCh. 22 - Prob. 25PCh. 22 - Prob. 26PCh. 22 - Prob. 27PCh. 22 - Prob. 28PCh. 22 - Prob. 29PCh. 22 - Prob. 30PCh. 22 - Prob. 31PCh. 22 - Prob. 32PCh. 22 - Prob. 33PCh. 22 - Prob. 34PCh. 22 - Prob. 35PCh. 22 - Prob. 36PCh. 22 - Prob. 37PCh. 22 - Prob. 38PCh. 22 - Prob. 39PCh. 22 - Prob. 40PCh. 22 - Prob. 41PCh. 22 - Prob. 42PCh. 22 - Prob. 43PCh. 22 - Prob. 44PCh. 22 - Prob. 45PCh. 22 - Prob. 46PCh. 22 - Prob. 47PCh. 22 - Prob. 48PCh. 22 - Prob. 49PCh. 22 - Prob. 50PCh. 22 - Prob. 51PCh. 22 - Prob. 52PCh. 22 - Prob. 53PCh. 22 - Prob. 54PCh. 22 - Prob. 55PCh. 22 - Prob. 56PCh. 22 - Prob. 57PCh. 22 - Prob. 58PCh. 22 - Prob. 59PCh. 22 - Prob. 60PCh. 22 - Prob. 61PCh. 22 - Prob. 62P
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- Consider docosanoic acid C12H43CO2H a. Label the alpha and beta Carbons. Show the beta-oxidation in an EXPANDED structure. b. Draw each acyl CoA derived from this fatty acid. c. How many acetyl Co A molecules are formed by complete beta-oxidation? d. How many cycles of beta-oxidation are needed for complete oxidation? e. How many molecules of ATP are formed from the complete catabolism of this fatty acid? Show the complete computation. f. How many moles of ATP per gram of fatty acid is formed from the complete catabolism of the given fatty acid? g. What is the molar mass of the given fatty acid? Solution: Show here the complete computations, [from a to e]arrow_forwardA. Identify different types of organic reaction mechanims in the followingmetabolic pathways.1. Catabolism of triacylglycerols- beta-oxidation pathway2. Biosynthesis of fatty acids from Acetyl CoA3. Glycolysis (from glucose to two molecules of pyruvate)4. Conversion of Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA5.Citric acid cycle6. Gluconeogensis pathway (pyruvate to glucose) B. Identify at most 5 organic reactions for each metabolic pathway.arrow_forwardFill in the blanks below (input numbers only!) about the metabolism of hexanoic acid, a fatty acid that is one of the components of vanilla, and whose formula is CH3(CH2)4COOH: First, the fatty acid is activated by attaching CoA, which costs ATP molecules. The fatty acid is then broken down through a beta-oxidation spiral, to make acetyl CoA molecules. This will require "turns" of the beta-oxidation process. Since each turn of the cycle yields ATP molecules, and each acetyl COA will yield ATP molecules by going through the rest of its metabolism, the net ATP molecules produced from one molecule of this fatty acid will bearrow_forward
- Part A Identify each of the following metabolic pathways. Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets. Reset Help the conversion of fatty acids to 2-carbon units of acetyl CoA ketogenesis the conversion of an amino acid to an a-keto transamination acid the combination of 2-carbon units of acetyl COA to form fatty acids oxidative deamination the removal of an amino group as NH4+ from B oxidation glutamate to yield a-ketoglutarate lipogenesis the production of ketone bodiesarrow_forward. Describe the reaction steps of the citric acid cycle with a focus on their control. In addition discuss the energy provided to a living cell from the metabolism of one acetyl-CoA entering the citric acid cyclearrow_forwardFatty acids are oxidized by acyl COA dehydrogenase. Branched fatty acids, containing a methyl group at beta carbons cannot be oxidized by this enzyme. How does the oxidation of such branched fatty acids take place? Explain with all set of reactions and enzymes involved.. give necessary detail.. avoid cpy rightingarrow_forward
- A. What would happen in the Krebs cycle with the loss of activity of phosphoglycerate kinase? What would happen in glycolysis? 10. What happens to glycolysis with the addition of high amounts of citrate? What happens to ETS? 11. What happens in the Krebs cycle with a block in fumerase? 12.If an amino acid enters the Krebs cycle at the acetyl CoA entry point, how much more ATP is being made than if it enters at a keto-glutarate?arrow_forwarda. Some of the acetyl-CoA used in the citric acid cycle is produced from pyruvate. List the reactants and products of this reaction. The reactants are pyruvate and The products are acetyl-CoA and In the process, a(n) is to b. Name an enzyme complex that catalyzes this reaction and list its negative effectors. is the enzyme complex that catalyzes this reaction. Its negative effectors are andarrow_forwardState the steps of ketone body formation, starting with two acetyl CoA. Please make sure to state all the enzymes and co-factors for each reaction.arrow_forward
- A. Identify different types of organic reaction mechanims in the following metabolic pathways.4. Conversion of Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA5.Citric acid cycle6. Gluconeogensis pathway (pyruvate to glucose) B. Identify at most 5 organic reactions for each metabolic pathway.arrow_forwardRegulation of fatty acid metabolism is shown by the following strategies. Which statement is NOT true? Degradation and oxidation of fatty acids occur in the tochondria while fatty acid synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm. Reducing power is supplied by NADPH in the cytoplasm Acetyl CoA is produced in the mitochondria, which is not permeable to this metabolite and requires an elaborate mechanism for transport.D. ATP is required in fatty acid synthesis but not in its breakdown, which produces it. ATP is required in fatty acid synthesis but not in its breakdown, which produces it. Enzymes found in the cytosol catalyzes fatty acid synthesis, while enzymes localized in the mitochondrial matrix catalyzes oxidation.arrow_forwardComplete the table below. Consider docosanoic acid (C21H43CO2H) Questions Solutions Answers a. Label the alpha and beta carbons. b. Draw the acetyl CoA derived from this fatty acid. c. How many acetyl CoA molecules are formed by complete B-oxidation? d. How many cycles of B-oxidation are needed for complete oxidation? e. How many molecules of ATP are formed from the complete catabolism of this fatty acid?arrow_forward
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