Biology
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260487947
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 21, Problem 7TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Genome is defined as the complete genetic material that is present in an organism. It consists of the coding as well as the non-coding parts of DNA. The study of the genome on a large-scale is termed as genomics. This study of the genome is highly important as it provides valuable information about the organism.
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Analyses of genomes have allowed researchers to determine that some cells have very small genomes. If you were asked to predict which organisms are likely to have smaller genomes than others, which option below would be MOST likely?
A.
Bacteria that live in plant hosts are likely to have smaller genomes than those that live in animal hosts as it takes a smaller variety of metabolic processes to survive in an animal host.
B.
Although less is known about Archaea than about Bacteria as fewer species have been studied, it is likely that Archaea have smaller genomes on average than Bacteria as they have fewer metabolic needs.
C.
Bacteria that are endosymbionts, living within a host, can survive with smaller genomes than free-living Bacteria because they can rely on their host for many of their needs.
D.
Protists generally have had smaller genomes than Bacteria because Bacteria have such large amounts of noncoding DNA.
The existence of ubiquitous genes and proteins (performs the same function in all organisms) strongly support the theory that all life evolved from a common ancestor. With that in mind, what kind of genes might be evolutionarily conserved and universally found in bacteria, plants and animals?
Select one:
a. genes that code for the synthesis of ribosomes.
b. genes that code for the enzymes of glucose metabolism
c. genes that code for the synthesis DNA and RNA polymerase
d. all of the above.
Clear my choice
The Selfish Gene is a radical theory that argues that all living creatures are essentially vehicles for their genes- hence, we all are a “survival machine" for our genes.
In the light of what you have learned about the molecular structure and function of the gene, is this perspective still relevant? Cite specific biological phenomena to prove your point.
References:
Chapter 21 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 21.1 - Prob. 1CSCh. 21.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 21.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 21.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 21.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 21.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 21.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 21.3 - Prob. 1EQCh. 21.3 - Prob. 2EQCh. 21.3 - Prob. 3EQ
Ch. 21.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 21.4 - Prob. 1CSCh. 21.5 - Prob. 1CSCh. 21.5 - Repetitive Sequences and Transposable Elements...Ch. 21 - Prob. 1TYCh. 21 - DNA ligase is needed in a cloning experiment a. to...Ch. 21 - Prob. 3TYCh. 21 - Why is Taq polymerase used in PCR rather than...Ch. 21 - Lets suppose you want to clone a gene that has...Ch. 21 - In the CRISPR-Cas technology for editing genes,...Ch. 21 - Prob. 7TYCh. 21 - The enzyme that helps short segments of DNA move...Ch. 21 - Prob. 9TYCh. 21 - Which of the following was not a goal of the Human...Ch. 21 - Prob. 1CQCh. 21 - Briefly describe whether or not each of the...Ch. 21 - Prob. 3CQCh. 21 - Identify and discuss three important advances that...Ch. 21 - Prob. 2COQ
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- Most scientists consider the Human Genome Project (HGP) to be the most significant scientific project of the 21st century. Choose the statements that describe the key findings of the Human Genome Project. A. There are 23 pairs of chromosomes that make up the human genome. B. DNA exists in a double helical form. C. There are approximately three billion base pairs in the human genome. D. The human genome contains approximately 25000 genes. E. The genetic information of a cell is stored in the form of DNA.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements does not support how prokaryotes have a large amount of genetic variation A. The mutation rate in prokaryotes is not particularly high B. Prokaryotes have extremely short generation times and large populations C. They can exchange DNA with many types of prokaryotes by way of horizontal gene transfer D. They have a relatively small genomearrow_forwardA sample of bacteria is collected from soil in a field that was recently treated with pesticides. The bacteria are classified and a phylogenetic is built to illustrate the soil bacteria diversity. What kinds of characteristics would be best for creating this phylogenetic? a. rRNA gene sequence and amino acid sequence of lipase b. Cell wall structure and physical appearance c. Reproductive rate and susceptibility to pesticides d. Entire genome sequence and protein expression dataarrow_forward
- Spirochetes are free-living, anaerobic bacteria that contain spiral-shaped cells. Nematodes are roundworms that are incredibly diverse and, as a group, have adapted to survive in all environments. Which of the following statements accurately describes the DNA of both groups? A. The spirochaete genome is smaller than the nematode genome. B. Nematode DNA is circular. C. Spirochete chromosomes are composed of just DNA while nematode chromosomes also include specialized proteins. D. Spirochete DNA is linear.arrow_forwardHow do scientists induce prokaryotes to produce human proteins?a. They insert human genes into bacterial genomes.b. They cross bacterial strains until the proteins arise at random.c. They inject bacteria into human muscles.d. All of the above are correct.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is not a conclusion that can be made from the Human Genome Project? A. The genome sequence of one human is 99.9% identical to the sequence of anotherB. Most of our DNA does not encode for proteinsC. Our genome encodes for roughly 20,000 distinct genes and 20,000 protein productsD. We possess many genes that are highly similar to bacterial genesE. All of the above are truearrow_forward
- what would you expect to find in a metagenomic library ? (check all that apply) A. peer reviewed research articles on disease and the environment B. the complete genome from a new species C. bits of DNA from numerous species D. many copies of cloning vector with different inserts E. a composite genome from several related species F. some DNA representing genes that are similar but differ in exact sequencearrow_forwardWhat are some of the implications of all organisms having similar genetic systems? a. That all life forms are genetically relatedb. That research findings on one organism’s gene function can often be applied to otherorganismsc. That genes from one organism can often function in another organism d. All of the abovearrow_forwardScience fiction movies have been known to sketch out a world of the near-future where terrible things have happened such as the evolution of antibiotic resistance in flesh-eating bacteria. What might we reasonably say about this topic? (Select all that apply) A - While one can have fun with entertaining stories about evolution (including ones that are very plausible), this is not a good reason to fund research on antibiotics because that is a solved medical problem. B - It has already happened with some early antibiotics (like penicillin)-the only reason we are momentarily okay is the continued development of additional antibiotics. C - In principle, it is possible but evolution takes millions of years, so don't expect it in the near-future. D - The bodies of humans have evolved since the discovery of antibiotics such that they are less and less effective already. E - We shouldn't find antibiotic resistance to be evidence for evolution because it is only a science-fiction story: it…arrow_forward
- Horizontal gene transfer is a process in which genetic material from an organism is a. transferred from cell to cell. b. transferred to its offspring. c. transferred to another organism that is not the offspring of the first organism. d. released into the environment.arrow_forwardThe experiments with nutritional mutants in Neurospora by Beadle and Tatum provided evidence that a. bread mold can be grown in a lab on minimal media. b. X-rays can damage DNA. c. cells need enzymes. d. genes specify enzymes.arrow_forwardWhich of the following does not conform about Genetic Engineering? * a. used recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology b. direct manipulation of only one gene c. requires complex machinery and innovative minds d. process of manually transferring genetic informationarrow_forward
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Endosymbiotic Theory; Author: Amoeba Sisters;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FGnS-Xk0ZqU;License: Standard Youtube License