Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134605197
Author: Dee Unglaub Silverthorn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 20, Problem 10RQ
Summary Introduction
To determine: The list of membrane transporters in the kidney.
Introduction: The human body is made up of different organ system among which the excretory system is responsible for the removal of various toxic metabolites and ions that are not required by the body. The excretory system in humans is well developed and consists of a pair of kidneys, urethra, ureter, and urinary bladder.
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Compare the processes of reabsorption and secretion in terms of transporters
involved. Is all reabsorption and/or secretion in the kidneys an active process?
The process of hydrogen ion secretion in the proximal convoluted tubule occurs via which of the following mechanisms?
Choose from the following:
(A) hydrogen ions diffuse out of the glomerular filtrate of the proximal convoluted tubule, through extracellular fluid and into the peritubular blood
(B) carbon dioxide diffuses into the proximal convoluted tubule cell from peritubular capillary blood; undergoes a chemical reaction to form carbonic acid; dissociates into hydrogen and bicarbonate ions; the hydrogen ion diffuses into the glomerular filtrate of the proximal convoluted tubule
(C) hydrogen ions diffuse out of the peritubular capillary blood, through extracellular fluid and into the filtrate of the proximal convoluted tubule
(D) carbon dioxide diffuses into the proximal convoluted tubule cell from the glomerular filtrate; undergoes a chemical reacdtion to form carbonic acid; dissociates into hydrogen and bicarbonate ions; the hydrogen ions diffuse into the peritubular blood
The high osmolarity of the renal medulla is maintained by all of the following except (A) active transport of salt from the upper region of the ascending limb. (B) the spatial arrangement of juxtamedullary nephrons. (C) diffusion of urea from the collecting duct. (D) diffusion of salt from the descending limb of the loop of Henle.
Chapter 20 Solutions
Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
Ch. 20.2 - Does the apical membrane of a collecting duct cell...Ch. 20.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 20.2 - A scientist monitoring the activity of...Ch. 20.2 - If vasopressin increases water reabsorption by the...Ch. 20.2 - Experiments suggest that there are peripheral...Ch. 20.2 - Prob. 6CCCh. 20.2 - Prob. 7CCCh. 20.3 - In Figure 20.9b, what forces cause Na+ and K+ to...Ch. 20.3 - Prob. 9CCCh. 20.3 - Laboratory values for ions may be reported as...
Ch. 20.3 - A man comes to the doctor with high blood...Ch. 20.3 - Map the pathways through which elevated renin...Ch. 20.3 - Why is it more efficient to put ACE in the...Ch. 20.5 - Incorporate the thirst reflex into Figure 20.8.Ch. 20.6 - Map the pathway that begins with renal artery...Ch. 20.7 - CO2+H2OH++HCO3(6) In equation 6, the amount of...Ch. 20.7 - Why is ATP required for H+ secretion by the H+-K+...Ch. 20.7 - In hypokalemia, the intercalated cells of the...Ch. 20 - What is an electrolyte? Name five electrolytes...Ch. 20 - Prob. 2RQCh. 20 - Prob. 3RQCh. 20 - List the receptors that regulate osmolarity, blood...Ch. 20 - How do the two limbs of the loop of Henle differ...Ch. 20 - Prob. 6RQCh. 20 - Prob. 7RQCh. 20 - Prob. 8RQCh. 20 - Write out the words for the following...Ch. 20 - Prob. 10RQCh. 20 - Prob. 11RQCh. 20 - Prob. 12RQCh. 20 - Prob. 13RQCh. 20 - Prob. 14RQCh. 20 - Prob. 15RQCh. 20 - When ventilation increases, what happens to...Ch. 20 - Prob. 17RQCh. 20 - Figures 20.15 and 20.18a show the respiratory and...Ch. 20 - Explain how the loop of Henle and vasa recta work...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20RQCh. 20 - Prob. 21RQCh. 20 - Name the four main compensatory mechanisms for...Ch. 20 - Prob. 23RQCh. 20 - Compare and contrast the terms in each set: a....Ch. 20 - Prob. 25RQCh. 20 - Prob. 26RQCh. 20 - Prob. 27RQCh. 20 - Hannah, a 31-year-old woman, decided to have...Ch. 20 - Prob. 29RQCh. 20 - Prob. 30RQCh. 20 - The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is a...Ch. 20 - Hyperglycemia in a diabetic patient leads to...Ch. 20 - Osmotic diuresis refers to the loss of additional...
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- As the text noted, two-thirds of the water and solutes that the body reclaims by reabsorption in nephrons occurs in the proximal tubule. Proximal tubule cells have large numbers of mitochondria and demand a great deal of oxygen. Explain why.arrow_forwardWhy is excretion important in order to achieve osmotic balance?arrow_forwardExplain how the kidneys help to maintain the balance of acids and bases in extracellular fluid.arrow_forward
- What is the difference between filtration and reabsorption? Explain how hydrostatic, osmotic (or colloid oncotic), and osmosis influence fluid transport across the nephron.arrow_forwardAlthough the kidneys are probably best known as filtration organs, tubular reabsorption (the second step of urine formation in a nephron) actually reclaims molecules that have already been filtered from the blood. Describe the tubular reabsorption process, including the structures and molecules involved, and explain why these molecules need to be reabsorbed. please helparrow_forwardDuring the maximal water diuresis, the ratio of the tubular fluid to plasma osmolarity is greater than 1.0 in which of the following? (A) The bend of the loop of Henle (B). Bowman Space (C) The collecting duct (D) The distal renal tubule (E) The proximal convoluted renal tubulearrow_forward
- Why is this process considered secondary active transport? Does water reabsorption accompany ion reabsorption in this region of the nephron?arrow_forwardHow does a) the volume b) Na + conc & c) the osmolality of the filtrate in the different regions of the nephron change?arrow_forwardTubular transport maximum (Tm) is (a) the maximum rate at which a substance in the filtrate can be reabsorbed into the blood from the renal tubules (b) the most rapid rate at which urine can be transported through the ureter (c) the maximum rate at which a substance can be reabsorbed by theglomerulus (d) the maximum rate at which a substance can pass through the loop of Henle (e) the maximum amount of a substance that can be secreted into the filtratearrow_forward
- Is the collecting tubule and collecting duct part of the renal tubule? Is the collecting tubule and collecting duct part of the nephron? Where are the intercalated cells and principal cells located?arrow_forwardDrugs that increase urine flow (diuretic drugs) are often employed in the treatment of hypertension (high blood pressure) or other disease states. Three physiological categories of such drugs are ones that (i) function as loop diuretics, (ii) inhibit the action of aldosterone, and (iii) block Na+ channels in the collecting ducts. Explain why each of these categories would be expected to increase Na+ excretion and urine flow.arrow_forwardThe renal handling of a novel drug is being studied. When the drug is present in the blood, it is filtered into the Bowman’s capsule and secreted via transport proteins in the renal tubules, but it is NOT reabsorbed. The lines on the following graph represent filtration, secretion and excretion rates of this drug at various plasma concentrations. For the three lines shown (labeled A-C) identify which line represents filtration, which line represents secretion, and which line represents excretion Explain how you determined this.arrow_forward
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