Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134605197
Author: Dee Unglaub Silverthorn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 20, Problem 22RQ
Name the four main compensatory mechanisms for restoring low blood pressure to normal. Why do you think there are so many homeostatic pathways for raising low blood pressure?
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Students have asked these similar questions
The following medications are used to treat an exacerbation of congestive heart failure. Each one of them is actually used to counteract mechanisms the body has naturally set in place in response to a drop in blood pressure and presumed drop in tissue perfusion. For each medication, explain its affect(s) on A, B, and C. If you feel it has no effect on a particular parameter, then say "no effect".
Specifically for each:
A) affect on TPR (total peripheral resistance) and how/why it changes it
B) affect on cardiac output (contractility, heart rate, stroke volume) and how/why it changes it
C) blood volume/pressure and how/why it changes it
ACEIs (ACE inhibitors)
Beta blockers
Digoxin
Nitrates (nitroglycerin, isosorbide)
Diuretics like Lasix
In the negative feedback loop of blood pressure regulation, which of the following would be the effector?
A) baroreceptors
b) heart muscle
c) the Brain
What are the two major control systems that providehomeostasis of blood pressure? Give a definition of each.
Chapter 20 Solutions
Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
Ch. 20.2 - Does the apical membrane of a collecting duct cell...Ch. 20.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 20.2 - A scientist monitoring the activity of...Ch. 20.2 - If vasopressin increases water reabsorption by the...Ch. 20.2 - Experiments suggest that there are peripheral...Ch. 20.2 - Prob. 6CCCh. 20.2 - Prob. 7CCCh. 20.3 - In Figure 20.9b, what forces cause Na+ and K+ to...Ch. 20.3 - Prob. 9CCCh. 20.3 - Laboratory values for ions may be reported as...
Ch. 20.3 - A man comes to the doctor with high blood...Ch. 20.3 - Map the pathways through which elevated renin...Ch. 20.3 - Why is it more efficient to put ACE in the...Ch. 20.5 - Incorporate the thirst reflex into Figure 20.8.Ch. 20.6 - Map the pathway that begins with renal artery...Ch. 20.7 - CO2+H2OH++HCO3(6) In equation 6, the amount of...Ch. 20.7 - Why is ATP required for H+ secretion by the H+-K+...Ch. 20.7 - In hypokalemia, the intercalated cells of the...Ch. 20 - What is an electrolyte? Name five electrolytes...Ch. 20 - Prob. 2RQCh. 20 - Prob. 3RQCh. 20 - List the receptors that regulate osmolarity, blood...Ch. 20 - How do the two limbs of the loop of Henle differ...Ch. 20 - Prob. 6RQCh. 20 - Prob. 7RQCh. 20 - Prob. 8RQCh. 20 - Write out the words for the following...Ch. 20 - Prob. 10RQCh. 20 - Prob. 11RQCh. 20 - Prob. 12RQCh. 20 - Prob. 13RQCh. 20 - Prob. 14RQCh. 20 - Prob. 15RQCh. 20 - When ventilation increases, what happens to...Ch. 20 - Prob. 17RQCh. 20 - Figures 20.15 and 20.18a show the respiratory and...Ch. 20 - Explain how the loop of Henle and vasa recta work...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20RQCh. 20 - Prob. 21RQCh. 20 - Name the four main compensatory mechanisms for...Ch. 20 - Prob. 23RQCh. 20 - Compare and contrast the terms in each set: a....Ch. 20 - Prob. 25RQCh. 20 - Prob. 26RQCh. 20 - Prob. 27RQCh. 20 - Hannah, a 31-year-old woman, decided to have...Ch. 20 - Prob. 29RQCh. 20 - Prob. 30RQCh. 20 - The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is a...Ch. 20 - Hyperglycemia in a diabetic patient leads to...Ch. 20 - Osmotic diuresis refers to the loss of additional...
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- Why is it so important to determine blood pressure? What are the factores that can affect blood pressure? How?arrow_forward1)An increase in total peripheral resistance, all else remaining the same, will cause an increase in mean arterial pressure.True/False 2) We care about mean arterial pressure specifically because we care about having an appropriate rate of blood flow through capillaries. True/False 3) A person's L-type channels are mutated so that they do not inactivate. How would this affect the time duration of a cardiac action potential? Group of answer choices a)Increase b)No change c)Decrease 4) A person' L-type channels are mutated so that they do not inactivate. How would this affect the time duration of a cardiac muscle cell contraction? Group of answer choices a)Increase b)No change c)Decreasearrow_forwardCharacterize the following into: A. Factors that increase blood pressureB. Factors that decrease pressure 1. Decreased arterial diameter 2. Increased total vessel length 3. Increased vessel elasticity 4. Decreased plasma epinephrine 5. Decreased blood volume 6. Decreased plasma angiotensin 7. Increased stroke volume 8. Increased plasma ADH 9. Decreased blood viscosity 10. Increased parasympathetic stimulationarrow_forward
- Which of the following is an inaccurate description of autonomic innervation of the cardiovascular system? A) Both sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons innervate the SA and AV nodes. B) Only sympathetic neurons provide significant innervation of the contractile cells of the heart. C) Only sympathetic neurons innervate smooth muscle in veins. D) Sympathetic activity increases cardiac output, whereas parasympathetic activity decreases cardiac output. E) Both sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons innervate smooth muscle in arterioles.arrow_forwardFor each of the following situations, describe the anticipated effect on blood pressure and the physiological basis of the response: (1) a high salt diet, (2) a blow on the head that damages the vasomotor center, (3) an attack by a stalker, and (4) a hypothalamic tumor resulting in excess ADH production.arrow_forwardThe exact cause of blood clotting in the left atrium of the heart during atrial fibrillation (AF) is not known. In part it might be due to blood stasis (not moving) or it may result in combination with endothelial cells damage. (A) What are the potential mechanisms that might drive clotting and what markers might you look for in the blood to predict potential risk? (B) Other than treating the arrhythmia, what other pharmacological intervention might be provided to AF sufferers?arrow_forward
- Pick all the correct answers for the normal physiological compensatory responses in untreated congestive heart failure. A) fluid reduction B) activation of the sympathetic nervous system C) inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system D) ventricular hypertrophyarrow_forwardWhy is high blood pressure dangerous?arrow_forward1a) Exercise immediately increases end-diastolic volume.True/False b)Mean arterial pressure is a relevant stimulus for the baroreceptor reflex.True/False c)Which of the following would be the most relevant efferent pathway for the regulation of cardiac output by the hormone epinephrine. (baroreceptor, axon, blood, ventricular cells, AV node, brainstem)arrow_forward
- Which of the following classes of drugs would NOT be expected to reduce blood pressure? a.)B-adrenoceptor agonists b.)ACE inhibitors c.)Angiotensin II antagonists d.)Aldosterone antagonistsarrow_forwardI need to calculate the approximate heart rate based on the given ECG results, but I can't get how to determine the length of time between two consecutive R waves. What I see, it's one second between the two highest waves (I suppose they are R waves). But it means the heart rate should be 60 beats per minute, but there is no option for this answer. Teach me how to determine correctly the length of time between two consecutive R waves.arrow_forwarda) A consequence of the Frank-Starling law of the heart is that the outputs of the right and left ventricles match. Explain why this is important and how this match is made.b) The excitation-contraction matching mechanism within the heart muscle is different from that of the skeletal muscle. How might these differences be related to the difference between action potentials in cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle?arrow_forward
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