Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134605197
Author: Dee Unglaub Silverthorn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 20, Problem 24RQ
Compare and contrast the terms in each set:
- a. principal cells and intercalated cells
- b. renin, ANG II, aldosterone, ACE
- c. respiratory acidosis and
metabolic acidosis, including causes and compensations - d. water reabsorption in proximal tubule, distal tubule, and ascending limb of the loop of Henle
- e. respiratory alkalosis and metabolic alkalosis, including causes and compensations
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Students have asked these similar questions
a patient with diabetes has been diagnosed with metabolic acidosis. identify the mechanisms by which the body will adapt, CHECK ALL THAT APPLY
a. reabsorption of H ions from proximal convoluted tubule
b. increased respiratory rate
c. decreased filtration of HCO3 in glomerular capsule
d. reabsorption of filtered HCO3 from the proximal convoluted tubule
e. secretion of H ions by the intercalated cells
All of the following are true about glucose recovery from the tubule fluid, except (choose the incorrect statement):
A. All filtered glucose is released in the PCT unless plasma glucose abnormally high
B. It is reabsorbed by coupling with Na+ recovery via a sodium glucose cotransporter
C. Glucose recovery is made possible by low intracellular Na+ concentrations created by the NaK pump
D. The CD recovers any glucose that is not reabsorbed by the PCT nephron loop and DCT
this is not and will not be graded
Which of the following is TRUE concerning renal handling of potassium?
a.
A high potassium meal will cause enhanced basolateral uptake via sodium-potassium pumps
b.
Most potassium reabsorption occurs at the distal tubules
c.
Aldosterone enhances potassium reabsorption at the proximal tubule
d.
Potassium is not filtered, so urinary excretion of potassium will only occur by stimulating potassium secretion
e.
Decreased extracellular potassium concentration increases aldosterone production and thereby reduces potassium secretion
Chapter 20 Solutions
Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
Ch. 20.2 - Does the apical membrane of a collecting duct cell...Ch. 20.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 20.2 - A scientist monitoring the activity of...Ch. 20.2 - If vasopressin increases water reabsorption by the...Ch. 20.2 - Experiments suggest that there are peripheral...Ch. 20.2 - Prob. 6CCCh. 20.2 - Prob. 7CCCh. 20.3 - In Figure 20.9b, what forces cause Na+ and K+ to...Ch. 20.3 - Prob. 9CCCh. 20.3 - Laboratory values for ions may be reported as...
Ch. 20.3 - A man comes to the doctor with high blood...Ch. 20.3 - Map the pathways through which elevated renin...Ch. 20.3 - Why is it more efficient to put ACE in the...Ch. 20.5 - Incorporate the thirst reflex into Figure 20.8.Ch. 20.6 - Map the pathway that begins with renal artery...Ch. 20.7 - CO2+H2OH++HCO3(6) In equation 6, the amount of...Ch. 20.7 - Why is ATP required for H+ secretion by the H+-K+...Ch. 20.7 - In hypokalemia, the intercalated cells of the...Ch. 20 - What is an electrolyte? Name five electrolytes...Ch. 20 - Prob. 2RQCh. 20 - Prob. 3RQCh. 20 - List the receptors that regulate osmolarity, blood...Ch. 20 - How do the two limbs of the loop of Henle differ...Ch. 20 - Prob. 6RQCh. 20 - Prob. 7RQCh. 20 - Prob. 8RQCh. 20 - Write out the words for the following...Ch. 20 - Prob. 10RQCh. 20 - Prob. 11RQCh. 20 - Prob. 12RQCh. 20 - Prob. 13RQCh. 20 - Prob. 14RQCh. 20 - Prob. 15RQCh. 20 - When ventilation increases, what happens to...Ch. 20 - Prob. 17RQCh. 20 - Figures 20.15 and 20.18a show the respiratory and...Ch. 20 - Explain how the loop of Henle and vasa recta work...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20RQCh. 20 - Prob. 21RQCh. 20 - Name the four main compensatory mechanisms for...Ch. 20 - Prob. 23RQCh. 20 - Compare and contrast the terms in each set: a....Ch. 20 - Prob. 25RQCh. 20 - Prob. 26RQCh. 20 - Prob. 27RQCh. 20 - Hannah, a 31-year-old woman, decided to have...Ch. 20 - Prob. 29RQCh. 20 - Prob. 30RQCh. 20 - The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is a...Ch. 20 - Hyperglycemia in a diabetic patient leads to...Ch. 20 - Osmotic diuresis refers to the loss of additional...
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- During a state of low blood volume and decreased extracellular sodium level (as in cardiac failure), which one of the following occurs? 1) B. Aldosterone is produced by the kidneys, leading to the release of renin, which increases kidney reabsorption of sodium. 2) D. Antidiuretic hormone produced by the kidneys stimulates the production of aldosterone by the adrenal gland, which increases reabsorption of sodium and water retention. 3) A. Renin is produced by the kidneys and is converted to angiotensin, which induces the secretion of aldosterone by the adrenal gland, which in turn increases reabsorption of sodium and retention of water. 4) C. Renin is produced by the adrenal glands, leading to vasoconstriction and production of antidiuretic hormone by the pituitary gland, which increases fluid volume by causing water retention. no references, just homeworkarrow_forwardExtracellular fluids have relatively? A. high sodium and low potassium levels. B .high sodium and high potassium levels. C. higher concentrations of potassium, magnesium, phosphate, and D. sulfate ions. E. low sodium and low potassium levels. F. low sodium and high potassium levels.arrow_forwardAn investigator is studying renal physiology in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. When a substance that inhibits glucose reabsorption is given, which of the following best describes the clearance of glucose?a. Decreases and approaches the clearance of p-aminohippurateb. Decreases and approaches the clearance of inulinC. Increases and approaches the clearance of p-aminohippurated. Increases and approaches the clearance of inuline. Increases and approaches the clearance of sodiumarrow_forward
- The blood flow to the kidneys is transiently reduced during acute renal ischemia. How a decrease in blood flow to kidneys affects the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, sodium absorption, and blood pressure. Describe how decreased blood flow is detected in the kidneys, and how it affects renin, angiotensin, and aldosterone secretion, sodium and fluid retention, and blood pressure.arrow_forwardDescribe the roles of antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone in the regulation of fluid excretion ANSWER SHOULD INCLUDE: what triggers release of ADH(i.e. stimulus). What ADH does (i.e. actions of ADH and location of receptors for ADH). Identify the effectors that respond to ADH and explain what happens when they are activated . What effect this has on fluid excretion and fluid retention.arrow_forwardPlease help me with these questions, more than one answer may be correct for each:1) Which of the following statements are true about the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis? A) Angiotensin II stimulates production of aldosterone, which increases sodium reabsorption B) Renin converts angiotensinogen to angotensin I C) Angiotensin II stimulates production of vasopressin, which increases aquaporins in the collecting duct D) Vasopressin decreases thirst E) Renin lowers GFR 2) The purpose of excretion is to A) maintain internal pH B) remove harmful substances C) maintain plasma volume D) maintain osmotic balance E) maintain internal solute concentrationarrow_forward
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