a.
To sketch: The concept map of homeostatic reflexes in response to decreased blood volume and normal blood osmolarity.
Introduction: Homeostatic reflex is the automatic response to the stimulus. These reflexes maintain homeostasis. For example, heart rate, breathing rate, and blood pressure are maintained by the autonomic response of the stimulus.
b.
To sketch: The concept map of homeostatic reflexes in response to increased blood volume and increased blood osmolarity.
Introduction: Osmolarity of a solution is defined as the total number of active particles present per liter of the solution. The osmolarity of blood is the solute present in per liter plasma.
c.
To sketch: The concept map of homeostatic reflexes in response to normal blood volume and increased blood osmolarity.
Introduction: Blood volume is defined as the volume of blood present in the circulatory system of an individual. Blood volume consists of blood cells such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and plasma.
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Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
- Describe the events that must occur to generate an AP. Relate the sequence of changes in permeability to changes in the ion channels, and explain why the AP is an all-or-none phenomenon.arrow_forwardConsider the effect of a twofold increase in the ECF concentration of Na+ or K+ ions. Which increase in ion concentration is the more deadly and why? Hint: Consider if the calculated decrease in or the increase in bring the resting membrane potential of the nerve or muscle cell closer to threshold potential? Why would this change in ion concentration stop the heart from beating?arrow_forwardThe stimuli that trigger the release of ADH are a.) low blood pressure, low blood volume, and low blood osmolarity. b.) low blood pressure, high blood volume, and high blood osmolarity. c.) high blood pressure, high blood volume, and high blood osmolarity. d.) low blood pressure, low blood volume, and high blood osmolarity. e.) high blood pressure, low blood volume, and low blood osmolarity.arrow_forward
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