Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134605197
Author: Dee Unglaub Silverthorn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 20.2, Problem 5CC
Experiments suggest that there are peripheral osmoreceptors in the lumen of the upper digestive tract and in the hepatic portal vein [Fig. 14.1, p. 435]. What is the adaptive significance of osmoreceptors in these locations?
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Chapter 20 Solutions
Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
Ch. 20.2 - Does the apical membrane of a collecting duct cell...Ch. 20.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 20.2 - A scientist monitoring the activity of...Ch. 20.2 - If vasopressin increases water reabsorption by the...Ch. 20.2 - Experiments suggest that there are peripheral...Ch. 20.2 - Prob. 6CCCh. 20.2 - Prob. 7CCCh. 20.3 - In Figure 20.9b, what forces cause Na+ and K+ to...Ch. 20.3 - Prob. 9CCCh. 20.3 - Laboratory values for ions may be reported as...
Ch. 20.3 - A man comes to the doctor with high blood...Ch. 20.3 - Map the pathways through which elevated renin...Ch. 20.3 - Why is it more efficient to put ACE in the...Ch. 20.5 - Incorporate the thirst reflex into Figure 20.8.Ch. 20.6 - Map the pathway that begins with renal artery...Ch. 20.7 - CO2+H2OH++HCO3(6) In equation 6, the amount of...Ch. 20.7 - Why is ATP required for H+ secretion by the H+-K+...Ch. 20.7 - In hypokalemia, the intercalated cells of the...Ch. 20 - What is an electrolyte? Name five electrolytes...Ch. 20 - Prob. 2RQCh. 20 - Prob. 3RQCh. 20 - List the receptors that regulate osmolarity, blood...Ch. 20 - How do the two limbs of the loop of Henle differ...Ch. 20 - Prob. 6RQCh. 20 - Prob. 7RQCh. 20 - Prob. 8RQCh. 20 - Write out the words for the following...Ch. 20 - Prob. 10RQCh. 20 - Prob. 11RQCh. 20 - Prob. 12RQCh. 20 - Prob. 13RQCh. 20 - Prob. 14RQCh. 20 - Prob. 15RQCh. 20 - When ventilation increases, what happens to...Ch. 20 - Prob. 17RQCh. 20 - Figures 20.15 and 20.18a show the respiratory and...Ch. 20 - Explain how the loop of Henle and vasa recta work...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20RQCh. 20 - Prob. 21RQCh. 20 - Name the four main compensatory mechanisms for...Ch. 20 - Prob. 23RQCh. 20 - Compare and contrast the terms in each set: a....Ch. 20 - Prob. 25RQCh. 20 - Prob. 26RQCh. 20 - Prob. 27RQCh. 20 - Hannah, a 31-year-old woman, decided to have...Ch. 20 - Prob. 29RQCh. 20 - Prob. 30RQCh. 20 - The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is a...Ch. 20 - Hyperglycemia in a diabetic patient leads to...Ch. 20 - Osmotic diuresis refers to the loss of additional...
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- Explain the term osmoregulation.arrow_forwardHypokalemia can cause life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. What is the underlying cause of hypokalemia in DKA and HHNKS? Question 9 options: a) Osmotic diuresis b) Prior deficit from poor nutrition c) Shift of potassium back into cell due to fluid rehydration d) Shift of potassium out of the cell due to correction of metabolic acidosisarrow_forwardTwo of the body’s important fluid compartments are those of the interstitial fluid and plasma. How does the liver’s production of plasma proteins interact with those compartments to illustrate the general principle of physiology, Controlled exchange of materials occurs between compartments and across cellular membranes?arrow_forward
- How does moderate to severe COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) often lead to chronic respiratory acidosis? How might the kidneys compensate for this i.e explain at least 2 mechanisms which the kidney may use to do so - be sure to include hormones, cells involved. If the H+/K+ ATPase is brought into service, how would the plasma K+ concentration be affected? Lastly, how would activation of H+/K+ ATPase counteract or synergize with the actions of aldosterone?arrow_forwardDefine osmoreceptor cellarrow_forward1) a) explain the mechanism of our body to regulate the secretion of ADH b) describe isotonic contraction of a musclearrow_forward
- African lungfish, which are often found in small stagnant poolsof fresh water, produce urea as a nitrogenous waste. What is theadvantage of this adaptation?(A) Urea takes less energy to synthesize than ammonia.(B) Small stagnant pools do not provide enough water to diluteammonia, which is toxic.(C) Urea forms an insoluble precipitate.(D) Urea makes lungfish tissue hypoosmotic to the pooarrow_forwardWithin a few days after a fast begins, nitrogen excretion accelerates to a higher-than-normal level. After a few weeks, the rate of nitrogen excretion falls to a lower level and continues at this low rate. However, after the fat stores have been depleted, nitrogen excretion rises to a high level. (a) What events trigger the initial surge of nitrogen excretion? (b) Why does nitrogen excretion fall after several weeks of fasting? (c) Explain the increase in nitrogen excretion when the lipid stores have been depletedarrow_forwardDefine the term e osmoreceptors?arrow_forward
- What is the primary neurotransmitter released in the mesolimbic pathway from the Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) to the Nucleus Accumbens (NA)? Also explain the general function of the mesolimbic system?arrow_forwardIn the management of DKA, why would potassium be added to the maintenance fluids even if potassium levels are normal or high? Question 66 options: a) Potassium shifts from the extracellular fluid to the intracellular fluid when acidosis corrects b) Insulin promotes renal potassium loss c) Osmotic diuresis may continue to deplete extracellular fluid potassium levels d) Maintenance fluids will dilute potassium levels in the extracellular fluidarrow_forwardWhen our tissues are burning metabolic fuel they produce protons and carbon dioxide. The enzyme carbonic anhydrase uses water to convert most of the carbon dioxide into carbonic acid. i) Describe the change of the blood carbon dioxide concentration of the swimmer from Phase I to the end of Phase II (do NOT explain the other phases)? ii) How does this change in the blood carbon dioxide concentration impact the pH of the blood of the swimmer from Phase I to the end of Phase II (do NOT explain the other phases)? iii) explain the chemical reasoning behind the impact on pH from Phase I to the end of Phase II (do NOT explain the other phases).arrow_forward
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