Genetics: Analysis and Principles
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259616020
Author: Robert J. Brooker Professor Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 18, Problem 4EQ
Following the infection of healthy tobacco leaves by reconstituted viruses, what two characteristics did Fraenkel-Conrat and Singer analyze? Explain how their results were consistent with the idea that the RNA of TMV is responsible for the traits of the virus.
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Following the infection of healthy tobacco leaves by reconstitutedviruses, what two characteristics did Fraenkel-Conrat andSinger analyze? Explain how their results were consistent withthe idea that the RNA of TMV is responsible for the traits ofthe virus.
The table below shows the properties of the genomes of
three different viruses. The data were obtained as
follows: Nuclease sensitivity was measured by the ability
of deoxyribonuclease (DNase) or ribonuclease (RNase)
to destroy the genome (a “+" means sensitivity). The
ability of the genome to act as mRNA was tested by
incubating it in a cell-free system. If amino acids were
incorporated into protein, the data are shown as a
Finally, the virus particles were tested for the presence
of a virion polymerase. If an enzyme was present, the
data show whether it could polymerize deoxynucleotide
triphosphates (DNTPS) or nucleoside triphosphates
(NTPS).
"+.
Genome Properties
Nuclease
Virion
Can
Genome
Sensitivity?
Polymerase?
Be an
mRNA?
Virus DNase RNase
With
With
DNTPS NTPS
#1
-
-
#2
-
-
#3
For each virus, indicate the strategy of the genome,
using the Baltimore classification. What is the nature of
the product of the virion polymerase when present?
+
+
+
+
+ +
The complete coronavirus genome sequence from the first known patient infected with SARS-CoV-2 was published on January 10th 2020, just a short time after the patient had been hospitalized in China with respiratory symptoms. They did this so quickly using nanopore sequencing. Scientists compared the genome sequence from the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) with the genome sequences from several other coronaviruses and they did identify a sequence unique to the SARS-CoV-2 strain. This unique sequence was in the N gene of the viral genome.
What protein is made from the N gene of the virus?
Chapter 18 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Ch. 18.1 - 1. What is a common feature found in all viruses?...Ch. 18.1 - 2. Viral genomes can be
a. DNA or RNA.
b....Ch. 18.2 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 18.2 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 18.3 - A mutation in phage results in 10-fold greater...Ch. 18.3 - 2. The cl gene that encodes the λ repressor has...Ch. 18.4 - A viral protein that is needed to make HIV DNA is...Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 18.4 - After HIV components are made, what is the correct...Ch. 18 - 1. Discuss why viruses are considered nonliving.
Ch. 18 - What structural features are common to all...Ch. 18 - 3. What are the similarities and differences among...Ch. 18 - Prob. 4CONQCh. 18 - Prob. 5CONQCh. 18 - Prob. 6CONQCh. 18 - Prob. 7CONQCh. 18 - Prob. 8CONQCh. 18 - Prob. 9CONQCh. 18 - Prob. 10CONQCh. 18 - 11. What is a prophage, a provirus, and an...Ch. 18 - Prob. 12CONQCh. 18 - Prob. 13CONQCh. 18 - 14. With regard to promoting the lytic or...Ch. 18 - 15. How do therepressor and the cro protein affect...Ch. 18 - Prob. 16CONQCh. 18 - Figure 18.11 shows a genetic switch that controls...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18CONQCh. 18 - Prob. 19CONQCh. 18 - Explain the role of RNase H (a component of...Ch. 18 - Prob. 21CONQCh. 18 - Prob. 22CONQCh. 18 - Prob. 23CONQCh. 18 - 24. Compare and contrast the roles of fully...Ch. 18 - 25. Describe the role of the Gag polyprotein...Ch. 18 - Prob. 26CONQCh. 18 - Prob. 27CONQCh. 18 - 1. Discuss how researchers determined that TMV is...Ch. 18 - Prob. 2EQCh. 18 - What is a reconstituted virus?Ch. 18 - Following the infection of healthy tobacco leaves...Ch. 18 - Prob. 5EQCh. 18 - Prob. 6EQCh. 18 - A researcher identified a mutation in PR of phage ...Ch. 18 - Experimentally, when an E. coli bacterium already...Ch. 18 - 9. A bacterium is exposed to a drug that inhibits...Ch. 18 - This question combines your knowledge of bacterial...Ch. 18 - Prob. 1QSDCCh. 18 - 2. Certain environmental conditions such as...Ch. 18 - 3. Browse the Internet to determine the drugs that...
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- Chemical composition analysis of a viral genome showed 22.1% A, 27.9% C, 27.9% G, and 22.1% U. Based on this, the viral genome is most likely made of: a) single-stranded (ss) DNA b) double-stranded (ds) DNA c) SSRNA d) dsRNA e) plasmid DNAarrow_forwardTwo theoretical genetic strains of a virus (a-b-c- and a+b+c+) were used to simultaneously infect a culture of host bacteria. Of 10,000 plaques scored, the following genotypes were observed. Determine the genetic map of these three genes on the viral chromosome. Decide whether interference was positive or negative. a+ b+ c+ 4100 a- b+ c- 160 a- b- c- 3990 a+ b- c+ 140 a+ b- c- 740 a- b- c+ 90 a- b+ c+ 670 a+ b+ c- 110arrow_forwardList three differences between the structure of HIV and the virus that causes influenza. For one of these differences, explain how the STRUCTURE is key to the FUNCTION of the virus.arrow_forward
- A particular animal virus requires the use of DNA polymerase from its host, since it does not possess its own DNA polymerase enzyme. Which of the following assumptions in A-D would likely be correct regarding this virus? A) O This virus could not be a retrovirus type. B) OIt could be a (-) ss RNA virus. C) O It could be a (+) ss RNA virus. D) O The vVirus life cycle very likely includes going to the host cell nucleus. E) O All ofA-D are correct assumptions.arrow_forwardSome retroviruses that have a wide host range have been developed for use in treatment of diseases or syndromes. These viruses do not result in a productive infection because they lack critical genes for viral replication, but they do carry DNA sequences that allow them to be packaged into infectious particles. Once in the host cell the viral DNA is released and integrates into the cell's genome. The advantage to this strategy is that the delivery of the DNA is very efficient. What is one possible problem of using a virus that can integrate into the human nuclear genome? Multiple Choice The virus carries genes that will interfere with host cell activities. The viral DNA sequences could still cause a disease. Since the viral DNA sequences no longer contain essential genes for viral replication the host cell may not be able to replicate either. The integration could disrupt an essential gene or genes.arrow_forwardName a nucleoside analog. Explain how that nucleoside analog works. Which viruses are effectively treated by that nucleoside analog?arrow_forward
- What is the structure of the influenza virus? What are its unique characteristicsarrow_forward1)Describe the key processes involved in vaccine manufacturing.2) Review the literature and identify the key players in the various mutants of the spikeprotein.3) How were the structures of ACE 2 and spike protein solved?4) Why is it easier to target a single mutant versus multiple mutants in the virus?5) There are several coronaviruses in the database, why is the SARS-CoV-2 sodangerous?6) Summarize the key difference in the invasion of cells by:a. HIVb. Adenovirusc. Anthraxd. SARS-CoV-2e. MERSarrow_forwardWhat is a nucleocapsid? Give examples of viruses with the twocapsid types.arrow_forward
- How many millions of bases are in the genome of the mimivirus or largest virus known?arrow_forwardIn the study of the SARS-CoV virus protein codes, it was discovered that eight potential open reading frames (ORFs) encode hypothetical SARS‐CoV‐specific proteins which lack obvious sequence similarity to known proteins. What possible function could these proteins have that would add to the infectious quality of the virus?arrow_forwardExplain the reason why segmentation of the genome provides a strong evolutionary advantage for negative strand viruses.arrow_forward
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