Genetics: Analysis and Principles
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259616020
Author: Robert J. Brooker Professor Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 18, Problem 17CONQ
Figure 18.11 shows a genetic switch that controls the choice between the lytic and lysogenic cycles of phage
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The map of the lac operon is shown below. Consider the following examples that include both haploids and partial diploids and explain in each scenario whether the repressor can bind and regulate expression and whether or not the lac operon is expressed. For partial diploids the plasmid is indicated by the F’.
I+ O+ Z+ Y+ / F’ I+ O+ Z+ Y+
I- O+ Z+ Y+ / F’ I+ O+ Z+ Y+
I- O+ Z+ Y+
I+ Oc Z+ Y+
The streptolysin S toxin made by S. pyogenes is encoded by a 9-gene
operon, sagABCDEFGHI. Thinking about what a 3-line diagram would look like for this
operon, answer the following questions. Write numeric answers only. For example, if your
answer is 6 promoters, write only 6.
1) How many promoters control the expression of these genes?
2) How many locations does RNA Polymerase bind to get full expression of these genes?
3) How many ribosome binding sites are needed for full protein expression?
4) How many start codons will be needed for full protein expression?
5) How many mRNA strands will be produced with full operon expression?
6) How many proteins will be produced with full protein expression?
1
Figure 14.23 shows a genetic switch that controls the choice between the lytic and lysogenic cycles of phage ?. What is a genetic switch? Compare the roles of a genetic switch and a simple operator site (like the one found in the lac operon) in gene regulation.
Chapter 18 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Ch. 18.1 - 1. What is a common feature found in all viruses?...Ch. 18.1 - 2. Viral genomes can be
a. DNA or RNA.
b....Ch. 18.2 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 18.2 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 18.3 - A mutation in phage results in 10-fold greater...Ch. 18.3 - 2. The cl gene that encodes the λ repressor has...Ch. 18.4 - A viral protein that is needed to make HIV DNA is...Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 18.4 - After HIV components are made, what is the correct...Ch. 18 - 1. Discuss why viruses are considered nonliving.
Ch. 18 - What structural features are common to all...Ch. 18 - 3. What are the similarities and differences among...Ch. 18 - Prob. 4CONQCh. 18 - Prob. 5CONQCh. 18 - Prob. 6CONQCh. 18 - Prob. 7CONQCh. 18 - Prob. 8CONQCh. 18 - Prob. 9CONQCh. 18 - Prob. 10CONQCh. 18 - 11. What is a prophage, a provirus, and an...Ch. 18 - Prob. 12CONQCh. 18 - Prob. 13CONQCh. 18 - 14. With regard to promoting the lytic or...Ch. 18 - 15. How do therepressor and the cro protein affect...Ch. 18 - Prob. 16CONQCh. 18 - Figure 18.11 shows a genetic switch that controls...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18CONQCh. 18 - Prob. 19CONQCh. 18 - Explain the role of RNase H (a component of...Ch. 18 - Prob. 21CONQCh. 18 - Prob. 22CONQCh. 18 - Prob. 23CONQCh. 18 - 24. Compare and contrast the roles of fully...Ch. 18 - 25. Describe the role of the Gag polyprotein...Ch. 18 - Prob. 26CONQCh. 18 - Prob. 27CONQCh. 18 - 1. Discuss how researchers determined that TMV is...Ch. 18 - Prob. 2EQCh. 18 - What is a reconstituted virus?Ch. 18 - Following the infection of healthy tobacco leaves...Ch. 18 - Prob. 5EQCh. 18 - Prob. 6EQCh. 18 - A researcher identified a mutation in PR of phage ...Ch. 18 - Experimentally, when an E. coli bacterium already...Ch. 18 - 9. A bacterium is exposed to a drug that inhibits...Ch. 18 - This question combines your knowledge of bacterial...Ch. 18 - Prob. 1QSDCCh. 18 - 2. Certain environmental conditions such as...Ch. 18 - 3. Browse the Internet to determine the drugs that...
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- Tryptophan (Trp) attenuation is an extra mechanism of regulation of trp operon when trp level is too high. Attenuation causes premature transcription termination. b) Predict what will happen if trp repressor lose its allosteric effect.arrow_forwardIn the trp operon, if a mutation occurred in the gene for the repressor so that it could bind to the operator even in the absence of tryptophan____________. a) the inducer cannot bind trpO, so operon gene transcription occurs b) the active repressor cannot bind trpO, so operon gene transcription is attenuated c)the active repressor binds tpO, so operon gene transcription is always repressed d) the repressor binds the corepressor, and operon gene transcription occurs.arrow_forwardAs shown a genetic switch that controls the choicebetween the lytic and lysogenic cycles of phage λ. What is agenetic switch? Compare the roles of a genetic switch and a simpleoperator site (like the one found in the lac operon) in generegulation.arrow_forward
- A theoretical operon (theo) in E. coli contains several structural genes encoding enzymes that are involved sequentially in the biosynthesis of an amino acid. Unlike the lac operon, in which the repressor gene is separate from the operon, the gene encoding the regulator molecule is contained within the theo operon. When the end product (the amino acid) is present, it combines with the regulator molecule, and this complex binds to the operator, repressing the operon. In the absence of the amino acid, the regulatory molecule fails to bind to the operator, and transcription proceeds. Characterize this operon, then consider the following mutations, as well as the situation in which the wild-type gene is present along with the mutantgene in partially diploid cells (F¿):(a) Mutation in the operator region.(b) Mutation in the promoter region.(c) Mutation in the regulator gene.In each case, will the operon be active or inactive in transcription, assuming that the mutation affects the…arrow_forwardA haploid E. coli cell has the genotype I ¯ P+ O+ Z+ Y ¯ where the I ¯ indicates that the repressor protein cannot bind to the operator due to a mutation. Which of the following statements about cells with this lac operon genotype are correct? I ¯ P+ O+ Z+ Y ¯ Select all that apply. β-galactosidase will be transcribed constitutively. The cells are able to import lactose across the cell membrane. The cells are lac+ and are able to grow on a medium with lactose but no glucose. RNA polymerase can bind to the promoter.arrow_forwardThe diagram below represents a hypothetical operon in the bacterium E. coli. The operon consists of two structural genes (A and B), which code for the enzymes “Aase" and "Base", respectively, and also includes P (promoter) and O (operator) regions as shown. A В When a certain compound (X) is added to the growth medium of E. coli, the separate enzymes "Aase" and "Base" are both synthesized at a 50-fold higher rate than in the absence of X. (X has a molecular weight of about 200.) Which of the following statements is true of the operon described above? The region of the A gene that codes for the carboxyl-terminal amino acid of “Aase" is near the left end of the A gene. The P region contains nucleotide sequences to which the RNA polymerase holoenzyme (including the o subunit) binds specifically but which the core enzyme does not recognize. The addition of X to the growth medium causes a repressor protein to bind tightly to the O region. The mRNA copied from this operon will be covalently…arrow_forward
- Given the Table below concerning the lac operon, match the letter with what would be occurring for each scenario. Repressor is bound to the operator, cAMP complex is bound and transcription is prevented. Allolactose is bound to the repressor, cAMP complex is bound, and transcription is prevalent. Allolactose is bound to the repressor, cAMP complex is not assembled, and transcription is slow Repressor is bound to the operator, cAMP complex is not assembled, and transcription is prevented.arrow_forwardYou can determine the regulation of an unknown operon based on descriptions like those in the table below. For each row, choose whether the fact would suggest positive or negative or inducible or repressible regulation and indicate your answer with an X in the column. Only one X should appear in each row. In the presence of the signal, the structural genes are expressed. In the presence of the signal, the structural genes are not expressed. In the absence of the signal, the structural genes are expressed. In the absence of the signal, the structural genes are not expressed. The binding of the regulatory protein to the operon results in structural gene expression. The binding of the regulatory protein to the operon prevents structural gene expression. A mutation in the regulatory protein results in constitutive expression of the structural genes. A mutation in the regulatory protein results in no or low expression of the structural genes. Positive? Negative? Inducible? Repressible?arrow_forwardWhat would happen if the operator sequence of the lac operon contained a mutation that prevented the repressor protein from binding the operator? (Explain what would happen both in the presence and absence of lactose)arrow_forward
- In the tryptophan operon of E. coli, what happens when tryptophan levels get too high? tryptophan is removed from its co-repressor, causing it to detach from the operator tryptophan is removed from its co-repressor, causing it to attach to the operator tryptophan is bound to its co-repressor, causing it to detach from the operator tryptophan is bound to its co-repressor, causing it to attach to the operator all of the above occur at equal rates when tryptophan levels get too high (Option C is the answer for the question above) What effect will the above process have on the tryptophan operon? RNA polymerase will detach from the promoter, initiating transcription RNA polymerase will detach from the promoter, stopping transcription RNA polymerase will attach to the promoter, initiating transcription RNA polymerase will attach to the promoter, stopping transcription all of the above occur at equal rates when tryptophan levels get too higharrow_forwardIn the tryptophan operon of E. coli, what happens when tryptophan levels get too high? tryptophan is removed from its co-repressor, causing it to detach from the operator tryptophan is removed from its co-repressor, causing it to attach to the operator tryptophan is bound to its co-repressor, causing it to detach from the operator tryptophan is bound to its co-repressor, causing it to attach to the operator all of the above occur at equal rates when tryptophan levels get too high (Option D is the answer for the question above) What effect will the above process have on the tryptophan operon? RNA polymerase will detach from the promoter, initiating transcription RNA polymerase will detach from the promoter, stopping transcription RNA polymerase will attach to the promoter, initiating transcription RNA polymerase will attach to the promoter, stopping transcription all of the above occur at equal rates when tryptophan levels get too higharrow_forwardIn the tryptophan operon of E. coli, what happens when tryptophan levels get too high? tryptophan is removed from its co-repressor, causing it to detach from the operator tryptophan is removed from its co-repressor, causing it to attach to the operator tryptophan is bound to its co-repressor, causing it to detach from the operator tryptophan is bound to its co-repressor, causing it to attach to the operator all of the above occur at equal rates when tryptophan levels get too high What effect will the above process have on the tryptophan operon? RNA polymerase will detach from the promoter, initiating transcription RNA polymerase will detach from the promoter, stopping transcription RNA polymerase will attach to the promoter, initiating transcription RNA polymerase will attach to the promoter, stopping transcription all of the above occur at equal rates when tryptophan levels get too higharrow_forward
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