Genetics: Analysis and Principles
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259616020
Author: Robert J. Brooker Professor Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 18, Problem 16CONQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The need for cI gene having two promoters. The consequence of the presence of only 1 promoter that is PRE.
Introduction:
Lambda (λ) phage is an example of temperate phage. This means that it can undergo both lytic and lysogenic cycle. The high nutrient conditions favor the lytic cycle, that is, the formation of new viral particles, whereas low nutrient conditions favor the lysogenic cycle. The switching between the two cycles is the responsibility of the operator OR.
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The streptolysin S toxin made by S. pyogenes is encoded by a 9-gene
operon, sagABCDEFGHI. Thinking about what a 3-line diagram would look like for this
operon, answer the following questions. Write numeric answers only. For example, if your
answer is 6 promoters, write only 6.
1) How many promoters control the expression of these genes?
2) How many locations does RNA Polymerase bind to get full expression of these genes?
3) How many ribosome binding sites are needed for full protein expression?
4) How many start codons will be needed for full protein expression?
5) How many mRNA strands will be produced with full operon expression?
6) How many proteins will be produced with full protein expression?
1
Suppose you had a bacteriophage λ in which the gene encoding the cro protein had been mutated, so that it had an unusually high affinity for pL - in this phage the first promoter repressed by cro would be pL, not pRM. What effect, if any, would this mutation, and the consequent rapid repression of transcription from pL, have on the outcome of a cell being infected by this mutant bacteriophage? Explain why you would predict that outcome of aninfection by this mutant phage.
In bacteria, genes that are often used together are controlled by a single promoter. Explain why this is the case.
Chapter 18 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Ch. 18.1 - 1. What is a common feature found in all viruses?...Ch. 18.1 - 2. Viral genomes can be
a. DNA or RNA.
b....Ch. 18.2 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 18.2 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 18.3 - A mutation in phage results in 10-fold greater...Ch. 18.3 - 2. The cl gene that encodes the λ repressor has...Ch. 18.4 - A viral protein that is needed to make HIV DNA is...Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 18.4 - After HIV components are made, what is the correct...Ch. 18 - 1. Discuss why viruses are considered nonliving.
Ch. 18 - What structural features are common to all...Ch. 18 - 3. What are the similarities and differences among...Ch. 18 - Prob. 4CONQCh. 18 - Prob. 5CONQCh. 18 - Prob. 6CONQCh. 18 - Prob. 7CONQCh. 18 - Prob. 8CONQCh. 18 - Prob. 9CONQCh. 18 - Prob. 10CONQCh. 18 - 11. What is a prophage, a provirus, and an...Ch. 18 - Prob. 12CONQCh. 18 - Prob. 13CONQCh. 18 - 14. With regard to promoting the lytic or...Ch. 18 - 15. How do therepressor and the cro protein affect...Ch. 18 - Prob. 16CONQCh. 18 - Figure 18.11 shows a genetic switch that controls...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18CONQCh. 18 - Prob. 19CONQCh. 18 - Explain the role of RNase H (a component of...Ch. 18 - Prob. 21CONQCh. 18 - Prob. 22CONQCh. 18 - Prob. 23CONQCh. 18 - 24. Compare and contrast the roles of fully...Ch. 18 - 25. Describe the role of the Gag polyprotein...Ch. 18 - Prob. 26CONQCh. 18 - Prob. 27CONQCh. 18 - 1. Discuss how researchers determined that TMV is...Ch. 18 - Prob. 2EQCh. 18 - What is a reconstituted virus?Ch. 18 - Following the infection of healthy tobacco leaves...Ch. 18 - Prob. 5EQCh. 18 - Prob. 6EQCh. 18 - A researcher identified a mutation in PR of phage ...Ch. 18 - Experimentally, when an E. coli bacterium already...Ch. 18 - 9. A bacterium is exposed to a drug that inhibits...Ch. 18 - This question combines your knowledge of bacterial...Ch. 18 - Prob. 1QSDCCh. 18 - 2. Certain environmental conditions such as...Ch. 18 - 3. Browse the Internet to determine the drugs that...
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- Which of the following statements is/are TRUE for the promoters? The Pribnow box and TATA box are found in the prokaryotes and eukaryotes, respectively. For both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, the first ribonucleotide attaches to the TSS region. The -35 element in prokaryotes is called the Up element in eukaryotes. In prokaryotes, the Pribnow box is located 25 bases before TSS.arrow_forwardOn Figure , indicate the locations of the promoters and terminators for genes a, b, and c.arrow_forwardResearch indicates that promoters may fall into one of two classes: focused or dispersed. How do these classes differ, and which genes tend to be associated with each?arrow_forward
- What would happen if the operator sequence of the trp operon contained a mutation that prevented the repressor protein from binding to the operator? (Explain what would happen in both the presence and absence of tryptophan)arrow_forwardThe amino acid asparagine is synthesized from aspartic acid by the enzyme asparagine synthetase (AS). In the previous problem you proposed a model for how this gene could be regulated. Suppose that you carry out an experiment to test your model. To do this you cut out the regulatory sequences upstream of the gene and fuse it to a gene for green fluorescent protein (GFP). Now you can visually observe when the gene is activated. You insert this engineered gene into a host cell and look for GFP expression. You discover some mutants that have different expression levels of GFP and call them GFP1- and GFP2-. The expression levels of GFP are given below. Cell GFP expression Wild type 100 GFP1- 50 GFP2- 0 Propose an explanation for these results based on your model. In other words, what was mutated and how? Your answer should include whether the mutation is (see links for more information): dominant or recessive https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21578/#A1877…arrow_forwardThe amino acid asparagine is synthesized from aspartic acid by the enzyme asparagine synthetase (AS). In the previous problem you proposed a model for how this gene could be regulated. Suppose that you carry out an experiment to test your model. To do this you cut out the regulatory sequences upstream of the gene and fuse it to a gene for green fluorescent protein (GFP). Now you can visually observe when the gene is activated. You insert this engineered gene into a host cell and look for GFP expression. You discover some mutants that have different expression levels of GFP and call them GFP1- and GFP2-. The expression levels of GFP are given below. Cell GFP expression Wild type 100 GFP1- 50 GFP2- 0 Propose an explanation for these results based on your model. In other words, what was mutated and how? This answer should include whether the mutation is (view links for more information): dominant or recessive https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21578/#A1877 in a cis…arrow_forward
- Which promoter initiates which life cycle (lysogenic & Lytic)? Mention both types of promoters and their characteristics.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is characteristic of genes and gene regulation in both bacteria and eukaryotes? (a) promoters (b) non-coding DNA within coding sequences (c) enhancers (d) operons (e) DNA located in a nucleusarrow_forwardPut the following processes in order of their occurrence during expression of a eukaryotic gene: a. mRNA processing c. transcription b. translation d. RNA leaves nucleusarrow_forward
- There is Hyaluronic acid synthesis occuring in Group X Strep and it is controlled by an operon with 3 genes, called hasXYZ. Based on the 3-line diagram model, a. How many ribosome binding sites are there for the protein? b. How many promoters are there for the genes? c. How many start codons are there for the protein? d. How many RNA Polymerase binding locations are there for the genes? e. How many proteins will be fully functional? f. How many mRNA strands are made?arrow_forwardA researcher discovered Suramin as a potent and selective inhibitor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis RecA protein and the SOS response. What would be the outcome if the action of RecA was inhibited during the SOS response? O LexA would not autolyse, and therefore the transcription of DNA repair genes would not occur; the bacteria would likely not survive. O LexA would autolyse, and therefore the transcription of repair genes would not occur; that would be lethal to the bacteria. LexA would autolyse, and therefore the transcription of DNA repair genes would occur; and the bacteria will be susceptible to antibiotics. LexA would not autolyse, and therefore the transcription of repair genes would occur; essentially that would be lethal to the bacteria.arrow_forwardThe map of the lac operon is shown below. Consider the following examples that include both haploids and partial diploids and explain in each scenario whether the repressor can bind and regulate expression and whether or not the lac operon is expressed. For partial diploids the plasmid is indicated by the F’. I+ O+ Z+ Y+ / F’ I+ O+ Z+ Y+ I- O+ Z+ Y+ / F’ I+ O+ Z+ Y+ I- O+ Z+ Y+ I+ Oc Z+ Y+arrow_forward
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