Human Physiology
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781259864629
Author: Fox, Stuart Ira
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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Textbook Question
Chapter 15, Problem 36RA
Describe the antigen-dependent and antigen-independent ways that the body generates a wide diversity of antibodies. How does this relate to the development of autoimmune diseases? Relate this to the function of regulatory T lymphocytes.
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Chapter 15 Solutions
Human Physiology
Ch. 15 - List the phagocytic cells found in blood and...Ch. 15 - Prob. 1bCPCh. 15 - Prob. 2aCPCh. 15 - Prob. 2bCPCh. 15 - Prob. 2cCPCh. 15 - Prob. 3CPCh. 15 - Prob. 4aCPCh. 15 - Prob. 4bCPCh. 15 - Prob. 5CPCh. 15 - Prob. 6aCP
Ch. 15 - Prob. 6bCPCh. 15 - Define the term histocompatibility antigens and...Ch. 15 - Prob. 7bCPCh. 15 - Prob. 8aCPCh. 15 - Prob. 8bCPCh. 15 - Prob. 8cCPCh. 15 - Prob. 8dCPCh. 15 - Prob. 9CPCh. 15 - Prob. 10aCPCh. 15 - Prob. 10bCPCh. 15 - Prob. 10cCPCh. 15 - Prob. 11CPCh. 15 - Prob. 12aCPCh. 15 - Prob. 12bCPCh. 15 - Which of these offers a nonspecific defense...Ch. 15 - Prob. 2RACh. 15 - Prob. 3RACh. 15 - Prob. 4RACh. 15 - Prob. 5RACh. 15 - Prob. 6RACh. 15 - Prob. 7RACh. 15 - Mast cell secretion during an immediate...Ch. 15 - Prob. 9RACh. 15 - Which of these cell types aids the activation of T...Ch. 15 - Prob. 11RACh. 15 - Delayed hypersensitivity is mediated by...Ch. 15 - Active immunity may be produced by...Ch. 15 - Which of these statements about class-2 MHC...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15RACh. 15 - Prob. 16RACh. 15 - Prob. 17RACh. 15 - Which of these statements about gamma interferon...Ch. 15 - Explain how antibodies help to destroy invading...Ch. 15 - Identify the different types of interferons and...Ch. 15 - Distinguish between the class-I and class-2 MHC...Ch. 15 - Prob. 22RACh. 15 - Prob. 23RACh. 15 - Describe how plasma cells attack antigens and how...Ch. 15 - Explain how tolerance to self-antigens may be...Ch. 15 - Use the clonal selection theory to explain how...Ch. 15 - Prob. 27RACh. 15 - Distinguish between immediate and delayed...Ch. 15 - Describe regulatory T lymphocytes and their...Ch. 15 - Prob. 30RACh. 15 - The specific T lymphocyte immune response is...Ch. 15 - Lizards are cold-blooded; their body temperature...Ch. 15 - Why are antibodies composed of different chains,...Ch. 15 - As a scientist trying to cure allergy, you are...Ch. 15 - The part of the placenta that invades the mother's...Ch. 15 - Describe the antigen-dependent and...Ch. 15 - People with peanut allergies could go into...Ch. 15 - Identify some immunologically privileged sites in...Ch. 15 - Use figure 15.6 to answer the following questions...Ch. 15 - Use figure 15.6 to answer the following questions...Ch. 15 - Prob. 41RACh. 15 - Prob. 42RA
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Describe the mechanisms for antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I and class II molecules to T lymphocytes. How do these different pathways lead to appropriate defenses against different types of microorganisms?arrow_forwardMany cells in the human body have proteins on the surface that are able to interact with the receptors of helper T cells. Explain the mechanisms and why it is that such an interaction or signal does not usually result in an autoimmune reaction?arrow_forwardInflammation is the hallmark of an activated immune response. Explain how inflammation is triggered by both innate and adaptive immune mechanisms. Are the inflammatory cells the same for both methods of activation? Why does inflammation subside as an infection is controlled?arrow_forward
- Discuss three differences between antigen and antibodies Explain the structure of the antibody molecule. Discuss the differences between humoral and cell mediated immunity in terms of chemicals and cells involved in each process as they tackle pathogens.arrow_forward● Differentiate humoral immunity from cellular immunity and the basic roles of B cells and T cells in those systems. Discuss the concept of a clonal immunological response to an epitope. Define antigen presentation and antigen-presenting cell. Describe what makes one antigen more immunogenic than another. Diagram the structures of antibodies and discuss their functions. Explain the differences between primary and secondary antibody responses. Summarize how the immune system generates vast antibody diversity. Describe the role of memory B cells during an antibody response. Explain the two major types of T cells.arrow_forwardDescribe the specific roles of helper, regulatory, and cytotoxic T cells in normal cellular immunity.arrow_forward
- If an individual failed to develop a thymus because of a genetic defect, what would happen to the immune responses mediated by antibodies and those mediated by cytotoxic T cells? Hint: Think how helper T cells and B cells are functionally related,arrow_forwardDescribe the reason that it is useful that antibodies have two antigen binding arms.arrow_forwardA mother has two children. The first was born perfectly healthy while the second one was born with rashes, showed clumping and lysis of blood. Based upon this information how would you classify this disorder? What type of antibody-antigen interaction is this and why? Explain how this disorder arises.arrow_forward
- Where are major histocompatibility complex-I (MHC-I) molecules located in the human body (cells)? Briefly describe how these surface markers present antigens to other cells. (Make sure to include where the antigen originates and what type of T-cell interacts with MHC-I antigen presentation.)arrow_forwardDescribe the requirements for activation of helper T cells by macrophages. Explain how helper T cells promote the immunological defenses provided by cytotoxic T cells and by B cells.arrow_forwardHow are antibodies unique? Please discuss the structure of an antibody. What are the V and C regions? Discuss how the few hundred genes involved are capable of making endless amounts of antibodies. Besides medical treatment what is another way antibodies can be used?arrow_forward
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