How are antibodies unique? Please discuss the structure of an antibody. What are the V and C regions? Discuss how the few hundred genes involved are capable of making endless amounts of antibodies. Besides medical treatment what is another way antibodies can be used?

Choose one: 1- what are the antigenic determinant in the variable region of antibodies? Allotypes or idyotypes or isotypes ---------------------------------choose one: 2-When an antibody binds to more than one antigenic particle the best description will be: Cross reacting or clonal expansion or proliferation ------------------------------------------ choose one: 3-Antigen dependent phase during B cell maturation occur Peripheral tissues or bone marrow or spleen only?

Why we use antibodies?  Please answer at your own words.

Generally speaking, what kinds of cells express MHC I, MHC II, or both? What is presented on MHC I and II, and what kind of T cell recognizes each one? What response occurs when a T cell recognizes what is being presented on MHC I? What happens if it recognizes MHC II? Give an example of each type of recognition.

What is "defined as the structural differences (diversity) observed in the variable domains of antibodies?   This is for immunology.

What is the function of the Fc portion of antibodies?  List an example. How can phagocytic cells phagocytose foreign cells and damaged self cells, but not healthy self cells?

Addition of immunoglobulin G (IgG) specific for hemoglobin to a solution of hemoglobin results in the formation of a red precipitate. In contrast, addition of the Fab fragments from this antibody to hemoglobin results in no such precipitate. What could explain this difference in results? Treatment with papain produces Fab fragments with different antigen specificity than the original IgG molecule. IgG can simultaneously bind two different antigens, whereas an Fab fragment can only bind one antigen at a time. The Fab fragments preferentially bind to other Fab fragments rather than to hemoglobin. The hemoglobin molecule antibody-binding sites can bind IgG molecules, but cannot bind Fab fragments.