Human Physiology
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781259864629
Author: Fox, Stuart Ira
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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Chapter 15, Problem 8dCP
Summary Introduction
To review:
The immunological tolerance and the mechanism that is responsible for T and B lymphocytes tolerance to self-antigens.
Introduction:
Some of the immune system cells have the ability to produce antigen specific antibodies on their exposure to the body. Some other cells have the ability to differentiate between the self and foreign bodies that makes it easy for them to destroy the foreign bodies through different immunological responses.
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Define immunological tolerance, and explain mechanisms that may be responsible for T and B lymphocytes’ tolerance to self-antigens.
Explain the type, order of appearance, and amount of immunoglobulin in each response and what causes the differences.
Discuss the processes of B cell sensitization, activation, and differentiation, describe the structure and function of antibodies, and explain the primary and secondary immune responses to antigen exposure.
Chapter 15 Solutions
Human Physiology
Ch. 15 - List the phagocytic cells found in blood and...Ch. 15 - Prob. 1bCPCh. 15 - Prob. 2aCPCh. 15 - Prob. 2bCPCh. 15 - Prob. 2cCPCh. 15 - Prob. 3CPCh. 15 - Prob. 4aCPCh. 15 - Prob. 4bCPCh. 15 - Prob. 5CPCh. 15 - Prob. 6aCP
Ch. 15 - Prob. 6bCPCh. 15 - Define the term histocompatibility antigens and...Ch. 15 - Prob. 7bCPCh. 15 - Prob. 8aCPCh. 15 - Prob. 8bCPCh. 15 - Prob. 8cCPCh. 15 - Prob. 8dCPCh. 15 - Prob. 9CPCh. 15 - Prob. 10aCPCh. 15 - Prob. 10bCPCh. 15 - Prob. 10cCPCh. 15 - Prob. 11CPCh. 15 - Prob. 12aCPCh. 15 - Prob. 12bCPCh. 15 - Which of these offers a nonspecific defense...Ch. 15 - Prob. 2RACh. 15 - Prob. 3RACh. 15 - Prob. 4RACh. 15 - Prob. 5RACh. 15 - Prob. 6RACh. 15 - Prob. 7RACh. 15 - Mast cell secretion during an immediate...Ch. 15 - Prob. 9RACh. 15 - Which of these cell types aids the activation of T...Ch. 15 - Prob. 11RACh. 15 - Delayed hypersensitivity is mediated by...Ch. 15 - Active immunity may be produced by...Ch. 15 - Which of these statements about class-2 MHC...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15RACh. 15 - Prob. 16RACh. 15 - Prob. 17RACh. 15 - Which of these statements about gamma interferon...Ch. 15 - Explain how antibodies help to destroy invading...Ch. 15 - Identify the different types of interferons and...Ch. 15 - Distinguish between the class-I and class-2 MHC...Ch. 15 - Prob. 22RACh. 15 - Prob. 23RACh. 15 - Describe how plasma cells attack antigens and how...Ch. 15 - Explain how tolerance to self-antigens may be...Ch. 15 - Use the clonal selection theory to explain how...Ch. 15 - Prob. 27RACh. 15 - Distinguish between immediate and delayed...Ch. 15 - Describe regulatory T lymphocytes and their...Ch. 15 - Prob. 30RACh. 15 - The specific T lymphocyte immune response is...Ch. 15 - Lizards are cold-blooded; their body temperature...Ch. 15 - Why are antibodies composed of different chains,...Ch. 15 - As a scientist trying to cure allergy, you are...Ch. 15 - The part of the placenta that invades the mother's...Ch. 15 - Describe the antigen-dependent and...Ch. 15 - People with peanut allergies could go into...Ch. 15 - Identify some immunologically privileged sites in...Ch. 15 - Use figure 15.6 to answer the following questions...Ch. 15 - Use figure 15.6 to answer the following questions...Ch. 15 - Prob. 41RACh. 15 - Prob. 42RA
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- Distinguish between a. neutrophil and macrophage b. cytotoxic T cell and natural killer cell c. effector cell and memory cell d. antigen and antibodyarrow_forwardDifferentiate humoral immunity from cellular immunity and the basic roles of B cells and T cells in those systems. Discuss the concept of a clonal immunological response to an epitope. Define antigen presentation and antigen-presenting cell. Diagram the structures of antibodies and discuss their functions. Explain the differences between primary and secondary antibody responses. Describe the role of memory B cells during an antibody response. Explain the two major types of T cells.arrow_forwardDescribe the component of adaptive immunity and function of antigen presenting cells .arrow_forward
- describe the structure and five types of antibodies;arrow_forwardDifferentiate natural vs artificial immunity. Give examples of each.arrow_forwardDifferentiate the roles of the 5 different classes of antibodies that comprise the antigen-non-specific and specific humoral response, explaining how each contributes to innate or cellular immunity.arrow_forward
- Distinguish between naturally acquired active immunity and artificially acquired active immunity. Give examples for each one.arrow_forwardDescribe the requirements for activation of helper T cells by macrophages. Explain how helper T cells promote the immunological defenses provided by cytotoxic T cells and by B cells.arrow_forwardExplain how tolerance to self-antigens may be produced. Also, give two examples of autoimmune diseases and explain their possible causes.arrow_forward
- Define the differences between immediate and delayed-type hypersensitivity in terms of immune effectors, target tissues, antigens, and clinical outcome.arrow_forward● Differentiate humoral immunity from cellular immunity and the basic roles of B cells and T cells in those systems. Discuss the concept of a clonal immunological response to an epitope. Define antigen presentation and antigen-presenting cell. Describe what makes one antigen more immunogenic than another. Diagram the structures of antibodies and discuss their functions. Explain the differences between primary and secondary antibody responses. Summarize how the immune system generates vast antibody diversity. Describe the role of memory B cells during an antibody response. Explain the two major types of T cells.arrow_forwardDistinguish between naturally acquired passive immunity and artificially acquired passive immunity. Give examples for each one.arrow_forward
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