Human Physiology
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781259864629
Author: Fox, Stuart Ira
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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Chapter 15, Problem 32RA
Lizards are cold-blooded; their body temperature is largely determined by the ambient temperature. Devise an experiment using lizards to test whether an elevated body temperature, as in a fever, can be beneficial to an organism with an infection
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Use to answer: In 1984, Robert Gallo and Luc Montagnier independently identified what is known today as HIV (human immunodeficiency virus). Worldwide, 17 million people suffer from HIV, which is a virus that attacks human T lymphocytes. The T lymphocytes, a crucial part of the immune system, mature in the thymus. As a result of HIV, B cell lymphocytes also decrease in number . Most HIV patients die because of other diseases like tuberculosis and cancer. Once an infected individual's lymphocytes count reaches less than 200 per cubic millimeter of blood (normal is 500-1100 T cells/mm^ 3 ) , susceptibility to disease increases, and levels below 10 can be fatal.
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Chapter 15 Solutions
Human Physiology
Ch. 15 - List the phagocytic cells found in blood and...Ch. 15 - Prob. 1bCPCh. 15 - Prob. 2aCPCh. 15 - Prob. 2bCPCh. 15 - Prob. 2cCPCh. 15 - Prob. 3CPCh. 15 - Prob. 4aCPCh. 15 - Prob. 4bCPCh. 15 - Prob. 5CPCh. 15 - Prob. 6aCP
Ch. 15 - Prob. 6bCPCh. 15 - Define the term histocompatibility antigens and...Ch. 15 - Prob. 7bCPCh. 15 - Prob. 8aCPCh. 15 - Prob. 8bCPCh. 15 - Prob. 8cCPCh. 15 - Prob. 8dCPCh. 15 - Prob. 9CPCh. 15 - Prob. 10aCPCh. 15 - Prob. 10bCPCh. 15 - Prob. 10cCPCh. 15 - Prob. 11CPCh. 15 - Prob. 12aCPCh. 15 - Prob. 12bCPCh. 15 - Which of these offers a nonspecific defense...Ch. 15 - Prob. 2RACh. 15 - Prob. 3RACh. 15 - Prob. 4RACh. 15 - Prob. 5RACh. 15 - Prob. 6RACh. 15 - Prob. 7RACh. 15 - Mast cell secretion during an immediate...Ch. 15 - Prob. 9RACh. 15 - Which of these cell types aids the activation of T...Ch. 15 - Prob. 11RACh. 15 - Delayed hypersensitivity is mediated by...Ch. 15 - Active immunity may be produced by...Ch. 15 - Which of these statements about class-2 MHC...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15RACh. 15 - Prob. 16RACh. 15 - Prob. 17RACh. 15 - Which of these statements about gamma interferon...Ch. 15 - Explain how antibodies help to destroy invading...Ch. 15 - Identify the different types of interferons and...Ch. 15 - Distinguish between the class-I and class-2 MHC...Ch. 15 - Prob. 22RACh. 15 - Prob. 23RACh. 15 - Describe how plasma cells attack antigens and how...Ch. 15 - Explain how tolerance to self-antigens may be...Ch. 15 - Use the clonal selection theory to explain how...Ch. 15 - Prob. 27RACh. 15 - Distinguish between immediate and delayed...Ch. 15 - Describe regulatory T lymphocytes and their...Ch. 15 - Prob. 30RACh. 15 - The specific T lymphocyte immune response is...Ch. 15 - Lizards are cold-blooded; their body temperature...Ch. 15 - Why are antibodies composed of different chains,...Ch. 15 - As a scientist trying to cure allergy, you are...Ch. 15 - The part of the placenta that invades the mother's...Ch. 15 - Describe the antigen-dependent and...Ch. 15 - People with peanut allergies could go into...Ch. 15 - Identify some immunologically privileged sites in...Ch. 15 - Use figure 15.6 to answer the following questions...Ch. 15 - Use figure 15.6 to answer the following questions...Ch. 15 - Prob. 41RACh. 15 - Prob. 42RA
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- The role of antibodies in the human body is to A stimulate pathogen reproduction to produce additional white blood cells B increase the production of guard cells to defend against pathogens C promote the production of antigens to stimulate an immune response D recognize foreign antigens and mark them for destructionarrow_forwardWhich type of immune response is most directlyeffective against bacteria?a. natural killer cellsb. complementc. cytotoxic T cellsd. helper T cellsarrow_forwardWhy is immunization after being bitten by a rabid animal so effective?arrow_forward
- Which is a method of transmitting pathogens from one host to another by carrying microorganisms inside the body and hosting their survival until transmission has occurred? Give to two disease-specific examples.arrow_forwardVaccines are given to provide protection against pathogen causing infections. Which of the following statements best describes how vaccines work? a Fever and swelling develop which is the first response in killing a pathogen b. Antibodies in the vaccine provide the body with nonspecific immunity to an antigen. c. An inactivated or killed virus stimulates the body to develop specific immunity to that type of virus. d. Heathy bacteria causes the body to release toxins which will protect the body if later exposed to different type of bacteria.arrow_forwardExplain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect. In clonal selection of B cells, which substance is responsible for determining which cells will eventually become clones? a. Antigen b. Interferon c. Antibody d. Complementarrow_forward
- Substances that are injected containing an antigen to stimulate the immune system to respond are called a- antibodies b- medications. c- vaccines d- antibioticsarrow_forwardWhy would adults be more likely to have an allergy to an insect venom than a child? Give one hypothesis based on what you know about allergy development.arrow_forwardfever helps the body fight infection in which of the follwoing ways? a. fever causes the creation of lysosomes b. increased body temperature decreases phagocytosis c. fever inhibits the growth of some microorganisms d. fever increases capillary permeabilityarrow_forward
- Some individuals are immune-compromised because their bodies do not make enough T-cells. What is the difference between a T-cell and any other cell type in the body? a. T-cells have different genomes than cells of other types b. T-cells have different genes than cells of other types c. T-cells have different proteins than cells of other typesarrow_forwardDetermine the reason as to why humans have evolved to mount an immune response to their own fetuses if they have a particular set of foreign antigens as in the case of erythroblastosis fetalis.arrow_forwardHow are neutrophils targeted from the blood vessels to the sites of inflammation? A. they bind to antigens presented by infected vascular endothelial cells B. they respond to signaling molecules released at the site of inflammation C. they are attracted to DNA or RNA fragments leaking into the blood vessel at sites of inflammation D. they sense nearby disturbances in the body's physiologyarrow_forward
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