The largest commercial fishing enterprise in the southeastern United States is the harvest of shrimp. In a study described in the paper “Long-term Trawl Monitoring of White Shrimp, Litopenaeus setiferus (Linnaeus), Stocks within the ACE Basin National Estuariene Research Reserve, South Carolina“ (Journal of Coastal Research [2008]: 193–199), researchers monitored variables thought to be related to the abundance of white shrimp.
One variable the researchers thought might be related to abundance is the amount of oxygen in the water. The relationship between the
- a. Is there convincing evidence of a useful linear relationship between the mean number of shrimp caught and oxygen saturation? Explain. (Hint: See Example 13.5.)
- b. Is the relationship strong? Explain why or why not.
- c. Construct a 95% confidence interval for β and interpret it in context. (Hint: See Example 13.4.)
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Chapter 13 Solutions
Introduction To Statistics And Data Analysis
- The article "Estimating Population Abundance in Plant Species with Dormant Life-Stages: Fire and the Endangered Plant Grevillea caleye R Br." (T. Auld and J. Scott, Ecological Management and Restoration, 2004:125-129) presents estimates of population sizes of a certain rare shrub in areas burnt by fire. The following table presents population counts and areas (in m?) for several patches containing the plant. Агеа 3739 Population 3015 5277 1847 400 17 345 392 142 40 7000 2521 213 11958 1200 2878 707 113 1392 157 12000 10880 711 74 2259 223 81 15 33 18 1254 1320 229 351 1000 92 841 1720 1500 300 228 31 228 17 10 Compute the least-squares line for predicting population (y) from area (x). Б. a. Plot the residuals versus the fitted values. Does the model seem appropriate? Compute the least-squares line for predicting In y from In x. Plot the residuals versus the fitted values. Does the model seem appropriate? Using the more appropriate model, construct a 95% prediction interval for the…arrow_forwardWestern Pygmy-Possum. The foraging behavior of the western pygmy-possum was investigated in the article “Strategies of a Small Nectarivorous Marsupial, the Western Pygmy-Possum, in Response to Seasonal Variation in Food Availability” (Journal of Mammalogy, Vol. 96, No. 6, pp. 1525–1535) by D. Morrant and S. Petit. The weights of adult male pygmy-possums in Australia are normally distributed with a mean of 8.5 g and a standard deviation of 0.3 g. a. Sketch the normal curve for the pygmy-possum weights. b. Find the sampling distribution of the sample mean for samples of size 4. Draw a graph of the normal curve associated with x. c. Repeat part (b) for samples of size 9.arrow_forwardIn the article “The Eastern Cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus) at the Northern Edge of Its Range” (Journal of Herpetology, Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 391–398), Blem and Blem examined the reproductive characteristics of the eastern cottonmouth, a once widely distributed snake whose numbers have decreased recently due to encroachment by humans. A simple random sample of 44 female cottonmouths yielded a sample mean of ??̅ = 7.6 young per litter. Assume σ = 2.4. a. Is the sample mean likely to equal μ exactly? Explain your answer b. Find the 95% Confidence Interval. c. How large a sample would be needed to get at 99% confidence interval with a margin of error of just 0.1?arrow_forward
- In a study, the effects of the mane of a male lion as a signal of quality to mates and rivals was explored. Four life-sized dummies of male lions provided a tool for testing female response to the unfamiliar lions whose manes varied by length (long or short) and color (blonde or dark). The female lions were observed to see whether they approached each of the four life-sized dummies. Complete parts (a) through (e) below. a. Identify the experimental units. Choose the correct answer below. The female lions The male dummies The mane colors The mane lengths Part 2 b. Identify the response variable. Choose the correct answer below. A. Whether or not (yes or no) the mane length affected how the female lions reacted to a male dummy. B. Whether or not (yes or no) the female lions approached the same dummies. C. Whether or not (yes or no) the female lions approached a male dummy. D. Whether or not…arrow_forwardThe article “The Effect of Restricting Opening Hours on Alcohol-Related Violence” (S. Duailibi, W. Ponicki, et al., American Journal of Public Health, 2007:2276–2280) presented homicide rates for the years 1995–2005 for the town of Diadema, Brazil. In 2002, a law was passed requiring bars to close at 11 pm each night. After the law's passage, the homicide rate dropped by an average of 9 homicides per month, a statistically significant decrease. Which of the following is the best conclusion? a) It is reasonable to conclude that the law is responsible for a reduction of 9 homicides per month. b) It is reasonable to conclude that the law is responsible for a reduction in homicides, but the actual amount might be somewhat more or less than 9 per month. c) It is reasonable to conclude that the homicide rate decreased, but the law may not have anything to do with the decrease. d) It is plausible that the homicide rate may not have decreased at all after the passage of the law.arrow_forwardCheek teeth of extinct primates. The characteristics of cheek teeth (e.g., molars) can provide anthropologists with information on the dietary habits of extinct mammals. The cheek teeth of an extinct primate species were the subject of research reported in the American Journal of Physical Anthropology (Vol. 142, 2010). A total of 18 cheek teeth extracted from skulls discovered in western Wyoming were analyzed. Researchers recorded the dentary depth of molars (in millimeters) for a sample of 18 cheek teeth extracted from skulls. These depth measurements are listed in the accompanying table. Anthropologists know that the mean dentary depth of molars in an extinct primate species— called Species A—is 15 millimeters. Is there evidence to indicate that the sample of 18 cheek teeth come from some other extinct primate species (i.e., some species other than Species A)? The data are given below (you will need to put it into a single column). You will need to calculate the sample…arrow_forward
- We have a random sample of data on women living in NSW in 2020. During the period covered by our data there were COVID lockdowns in some areas but not in other areas. These lockdowns closed schools and required all but essential workers to work from home or stay at home and not work if they could not work from home. Our data contains the following variables: hours = a woman’s number of hours of work per week kids = a woman’s number of children living at home lockdown = a dummy variable equal to one if the woman is living in an area under a lockdown order and 0 is she is living in an area not locked down. We consider the model: hours = β0 + β1lockdown + β2kids + β3lockdown∗kids + u Which of the following measures the effect of the number of children on hours of work for women living in areas that were locked down? a) β0 b) β2 c) β2 + β3 d) β3 e) none of the other possible answers are correctarrow_forwardThe characteristics of check teeth (e.g., molars) can provide anthropologists with information on the dietary habits of extinct mammals. The check teeth of an extinct primate species was the subject of research reported in the American Journal of Physical Anthropology (Vol. 142, 2010). A total of 18 check teeth extracted from skulls discovered in western Wyoming were analyzed. Each tooth was classified according to degree of wear (unworn, slight, light-moderate, moderate, moderate-heavy, or heavy). The 18 measurements are listed here. Data on Degree of Wear Unknown Slight Unknown Slight Unknown Heavy Moderate Unknown Slight Light-moderate Unknown Light-moderate Moderate-heavy Moderate Moderate Unworn Slight Unknown Identify the variable measured in the study and its type (qualitative and quantitative) Form frequency distribution. Identify the degree of wear category that occurred most often in the sample of 18 check teeth.arrow_forwardCloud seeding has been studied for many decades as a weather modification procedure (for an interesting study of this subject, see the article in Technometrics, "A Bayesian Analysis of a Multiplicative Treatment Effect in Weather Modification", Vol. 17, pp. 161-166). The rainfall in acre-feet from 20 clouds that were selected at random and seeded with silver nitrate follows: 18.0, 30.7, 19.8, 27.1, 22.3, 18.8, 31.8, 23.4, 21.2, 27.9. 31.9.27.1, 25.0, 24.7, 26.9. 21.8, 29.2, 34.8, 26.7, 31.6 Can you support a claim that mean rainfall from seeded clouds exceeds 25 acre-feet? Use a-0.01. The appropriate decision for the test is to reject the null hypothesis. True Falsearrow_forward
- The epidemiological, clinical, and bacteriological aspects of shigellosis were studied in a population of hospitalized children in northern Israel. Shigellosis invades epithelial cells of the colon and causes inflammation a severe cases of diarrhea and dysentery. Below is a table that lists the frequencies of two different species of Shigella: S. sonnei and S. Flexneri between hospitalized and non-hospitalized Jews and Arabs. a) Combine hospitalized and non-hospitalized children, what is the overall prevalence of: sonnei among Jewish children: ____________________________ sonnei among Arab children: ____________________________ Flexneri among Jewish children: ____________________________ Flexneri among Arab children: ____________________________ b) Calculate a 95% confidence interval for the population difference in prevalence of S. Flexneri between hospitalized Jewish children and hospitalized Arab children. Briefly interpret the confidence interval. c) Conduct the appropriate…arrow_forwardThe article "Determination of Carboxyhemoglobin Levels and Health Effects on Officers Working at the Istanbul Bosphorus Bridge" (G. Kocasoy and H. Yalin, Journal of Environmental Science and Health, 2004:1129–1139) presents assessments of health outcomes of people working in an environment with high levels of carbon monoxide (CO). Following are the numbers of workers reporting various symptoms, categorized by work shift. The numbers were read from a graph. Shift Morning Evening Night Influenza 16 13 18 Headache 24 33 Weakness 11 16 5 Shortness of Breath Can you conclude that the proportions of workers with the various symptoms differ among the shifts?arrow_forwardWhen the light turns yellow, should you stop or go through it? The article “Evaluation of Driver Behavior in Type II Dilemma Zones at High-Speed Signalized Intersections” (D. Hurwitz, M. Knodler, and B. Nyquist, Journal of Transportation Engineering, 2011:277– 286) defines the “indecision zone” as the period when a vehicle is between 2.5 and 5.5 seconds away from an intersection. It presents observations of 710 vehicles passing through various intersections in Vermont for which the light turned yellow in the indecision zone. Of the 710 vehicles, 89 ran a red light. a) Find a 90% confidence interval for the proportion of vehicles that will run the red light when encountering a yellow light in the indecision zone. b) Find a 95% confidence interval for the proportion of vehicles that will run the red light when encountering a yellow light in the indecision zone. c) Find a 99% confidence interval for the proportion of vehicles that will run the red light when encountering a yellow light in…arrow_forward
- Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897...AlgebraISBN:9780079039897Author:CarterPublisher:McGraw Hill