Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393615098
Author: John W. Foster, Joan L. Slonczewski
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 13.1, Problem 1TQ
Summary Introduction
To analyze:
The catabolism of glucose led to the release of greater amount of energy as heat or by the change of entropy.
Introduction:
The cells present in organisms need energy to build basic macromolecules from simple molecules in the environment. Entropy is the degree of randomness of the system. Energetics of a biochemical reaction can be understood by the following equation: ΔG= ΔH-TΔS, where ΔG is the Gibbs free energy change, ΔH is the change in enthalpy, T is temperature and ΔS is the change in entropy.
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Chapter 13 Solutions
Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
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- One of the best-selling light, or low-calorie, beers is 4.5% alcohol by volume and a 12-oz serving contains 110 Calories; remember 1 Calorie 1000 cal=1 kcal. To estimate the percentage of Calories that comes from the alcohol, consider the following questions. Y Part D How many Calories are released by the metabolism of ethanol, the reaction from Part A? Express your answer in calories to 2 significant figures. | ΑΣΦΑ 4 34 4 ? Calarrow_forwardFor this reaction: 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2, the products have 2760 kJ/mole more free energy than the reactants. So, which of the following statements best describes the reaction? a The reaction is endergonic because it converts molecules with less free energy to those with more free energy. b The reaction is exergonic because it converts molecules with less free energy to those with more free energy. c The reaction is exergonic because it converts molecules with more free energy to those with less free energy d The reaction is endergonic because it converts molecules with more free energy to those with less free energy.arrow_forwardConvert the following reactions into "Metabolic Engineering" notation: C6H1206 + 2 H20 → 2 C2H60 + 2 HCO3 + 2 H* b. ATP + glucose > glucose-6-phosphate + ADP 3.arrow_forward
- Consider the following chemical reaction: Glucose + ATP → Glucose-6-Phosphate + ADP + Pi Given the following information, calculate the actual free energy change (G’) of this reaction. G’ of Glucose + ATP → Glucose-6-Phosphate + ADP + Pi = -16.7 kJ/mol [Glucose] = 5.0 mM [ATP] = 1.85 mM [Glucose-6-Phosphate] = 0.083 mM [ADP] = 0.14 mM [Pi] = 1.0 mM Temperature = 37 C R (Gas Constant) = 8.314 J/mol•Karrow_forwardConsider the equation light energy + CO2 + h2O → sugars + O2 + heat energy. Would you expect this reaction to occur in a single step? Why must heat be generated in the reaction? explain your answers.arrow_forwardInside a body, this reaction has a value of positive ∆G C6H12O6 + H3PO4 → C6H14O12P2 + H2O ∆G= +13.4 kJ/mol Can you show me how to keep this reaction going in living things? Prove it with calculationsarrow_forward
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- From data in the table, calculate the AG'º value for the reactions. Reaction AG° (kJ/mol) Phosphocreatine + H,O → creatine + P; |-43.0 |ADP + P; → ATP + H,O |+30.5 Fructose + P; → fructose 6-phosphate + H,0 +15.9 Phosphocreatine + ADP → creatine + ATP AG'º = kJ/mol ATP + fructose → ADP + fructose 6-phosphate AG'º = kJ/molarrow_forwardAt the left is an energy diagram that shows the energy changes for the example of glucose (C6H1206) being converted to CO2 + H2O. One curve is the reaction with enzymes, while the other is without enzymes. For these reactions, the "X" indicates: Glucose + 60g a) b) free energy of glucose free energy of activation without enzymes free energy of CO2 + H2O free energy released free energy of activation with d) e) Progrem af reaction enzymes Frec energy, Garrow_forwardThe standard free energy (or AG") for the reaction ATP + H₂O → ADP + P₁ is: OA) -30.5 kJ/mol B) +45.6 kJ/mol OC) +30.5 kJ/mol D) -7.3 kJ/mol OE) +7.3 kJ/molarrow_forward
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