Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393615098
Author: John W. Foster, Joan L. Slonczewski
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 13.5, Problem 2TQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The generation of one and two ATP by ED and EMP pathway respectively, and their consequences on cell
Introduction:
Glucose is the principal breakdown product for microbes that feed on complex carbohydrates. As a widespread source of energy, glucose catabolism is important. It is a key substrate for biosynthesis, such as five-carbon sugars, to create
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the reaction catalyzed by glyceradehyde 3-phosphate dehydrigenase is based on NAD+ and a active site cysteine. Also another phosphate group is added. what is the reason for that?
a) because one ATP is consumed
b) an inorganic phosphate is activated for ATP synthesis
C) NADH can be recycld and than converted back to NAD+ for glycolysis
d) because one ATP is generated
Discuss the composition of the transition state for the formation of ATP by ATP Synthase.
a) Where is the active site for this enzyme located?
b) How are the amino acid side chains from the α and β subunits of ATP Synthase involved?
c) Discuss the importance of Mg+2 in the mechanism of this enzyme.
The reaction pictured is an oxidation-reduction reaction in the citric acid cycle in which the energy-carrier molecule NADH is
generated. Identify which molecule in the reaction will be oxidized and which molecule will be reduced. Place a single answer
choice in each box.
COO-
HO-C-H
H-C-H
COO-
Malate
NAD+ NADH + H+
Oxidized
malate
oxaloacetate
COO-
H-C-H
ī
COO-
Oxaloacetate
Reduced
NADH
NAD+
Chapter 13 Solutions
Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
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- When muscle cells run out of oxygen, what happens to the potential for energy extraction from sugars and what pathways do the cell use?arrow_forwardStarting with glucose, there are five steps in the EMP/TCA metabolic pathways that produce NADH (which is converted to ATP or energy). Use class notes, Shuler, Kargi and DeLisa book, or the internet. 1. A. Draw the chemical structures of the reactant(s) and product(s); as well as a balanced chemical reaction for the step in the TCA (Krebs) cycle where isocitrate is converted to a-ketoglutarate (step 3 in the class notes). (You don't need to draw the structures of coenzyme A (COA), NAD* or NADH.) B. What enzymes catalyze steps 3 and 5 in the Kreb's cycle from the class notes? C. Would you categorize step 8 in the TCA cycle where malate is converted to oxaloacetate as an oxidation or reduction of malate? D. Considering that some energy is spent transporting acetyl-CoA to mitochondria, how much net energy (in kcal) is produced by converting 15 mol of glucose to CO₂ in the glycolysis & Krebs cycle pathways? E. How many kcals of energy from oxidizing 15 mol of glucose to CO₂ (your answer to…arrow_forwardHow many net ATP are produced from the complete oxidation of one molecule of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (1,3 BPG) in a neuron?arrow_forward
- For the Complex III in the electron transport chain: Complex III step 1: UQH2 is oxidized in a 2 electron process. Cytochrome c is reduced and UQ is reduced to UQH in two 1 electron processes. Complex III step 2: UQH2 is oxidized in a 2 electron process. Cytochrome c is reduced and UQH is reduced to UQH2 in two 1 electron processes. The necessary standard reduction potentials are: UQ + 2H+ + 2e- UQH2 E° = 0.06 V cyt c (Fe3+) + e- cyt c (Fe2+) E° = 0.254 V UQ + H+ + e- UQH. E° = 0.03 V UQH. + H+ + e- UQH2 E° = 0.19 V Calculate the total redox potential of the complex. Now calculate how many moles of protons can be translocated across the inner mitochondrial membrane if translocation of 1 mole requires 23 kJ. Calculate the free energy available for proton translocation assuming a 2electron process for each complex.arrow_forwardTable 9.2 shows that DGo’ for the aldolase reaction is large, and positive, yet the reaction proceeds in the forward direction. Using the metabolite concentrations in table 9.3, calculate the actual DG in the cell for the reaction to show that it is consistent with the value reported in table 9.2. Explain in words the strategy the cell uses to keep glycolysis moving in the forward direction (1-2 sentences).arrow_forwardUnder standard conditions, is the oxidation of ubiquinol (Coenzyme Q) by O2 sufficiently exergonic to drive the synthesis of ATP? If yes, how many ATP can be synthesized assuming 100% efficiency?arrow_forward
- match the cofactor with its function in the citric acid cycle by entering the number corresponding with the function. A given function may be used more than one time or not at all. Use from the following list of functions to fill in the table below: carries O2 carries small carbon-containing molecules carries e- carries small nitrogen-containing molecules Cofactor Function NAD+/NADH FAD/FADH2 CoA thiamine biotinarrow_forwardBriefly explain the mechanism by which ATP synthase produces ATP.List three locations in which ATP synthases are found.arrow_forwardIf actively respiring mitochondria are exposed to an inhibitor of ATPADP translocase, the electrontransport chain ceases to operate. Why?arrow_forward
- How many protons are required to synthesize one ATP by F1F0-ATPase containing (a) 10 or (b) 15 c subunits?arrow_forwardExplain the role and functioning of chaperone proteins. Explain, why several chaperones (chaperonins) possess an ATPase activity?arrow_forwardWhat are the three reactions catalyzed by PLP? Just name them.arrow_forward
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